MOUND BUILDERS OF BURLINGTON WISCONSIN
copyright 2004 Mary Sutherland
Continued from Page One.
"Herodotus describes 'a place in Libya,' beyond the Pillars of Hercules (i.e. past the Straits of Gilbralta) where the
Carthaginians traded for precious metals. He wrote that the local natives used SMOKE SIGNALS to communicate over
long distances (Herodotus, 4: 196).
Mormons identify the Mound Builders to the Nephites and Lamanites Elder Charles B. Thompson was one of the first Mormon writers to
identify the "mound-builders" with the Nephites whose story is told in the Book of Mormon. According to the Book of Mormons, there were two races here
ages ago. One was the Nephites and the other were the Lamanites. The Nephites were a white skinned, red haired , civilized, industrious people...
whereas the Lamanites were an idle, savage, and vicious people delighting in war and bloodshed... The order was given to wipe the Nephites off
the face of the earth, along with all record of their existence. (Deut.) In some battles thousands were slain who were piled up in heaps
upon the face of the land and then earth thrown upon them. This may account for some of the numerous mounds and tumuli found in this
country.
Josiah Priest, American Antiquities, was one of the first to give full documented accounts of this lost race, based on abundance of proof from recent
discoveries. History informs this nation of Nephites were brought down and destroyed by the Lamanites... God stirred up the Lamanites to
camp against them round about, and to raise forts against them with a mount, and thus they were brought down. (Deut.) After Priest
completed his report, most of his books and documents concerning this was destroyed.
The wars of the Jaredites (Nephites) and the Lamanites
According to the Book of Mormons, after the Genesis Flood , during the time of 'The Tower of Babel, a group sailed from the Region of the
Tower of Babel to North America . This group of peoples were the Jaredites. According to the Morman Book of Ether, a group of people
called the Jaredites fled the Tower of Babel at least 3000 years before Christ. Because they were a righteous people the LORD did not
confound their language, and a Prophet led them called "The Brother of Jared" (his actual name was Mahonri Moriancumr).
In the year 1883 B.C. an invasion of Spain took place from the confines of North Africa. Having become a civilized land and wealthy due to changes in
climate and the presence of many producing gold mines, Spain aroused the greed of Egypt and other North African nations. A king by the name of
GERION or DEABUS, with a large army and many ships, conquered Spain and forced the inhabitants to dig gold for their new African overlords. Many
Spanish slaves died from overwork under this tyranny" Osyris slew Gerion in 1849 B.C. ,, upon which part of his tribe took to ship and sailed to
the New World. A tradition found among the Toltecs of Mexico and preserved by Ixtlilxochitl declares there once were giants in their land.
Even the date of the arrival of these giants has been preserved by the Toltec historian. It was 520 years after the flood.
The First Battle of Cummorah
By 600 BC the Jaredites had divided into two warring camps.. Their armies fought on the Hill Ramah (which is also the Hill Cummorah and which is now
located in Western New York State). A man named Ether "hides " the records of his people (gold plates).
The Second Battle of Cummorah and the Nephites
Mosiah 5:65 mentions a Nephite search party had come across ruins of an earlier civilization (Jaredite). To prove this find they brought back 24 gold
plates and some armor and weapons. The breastplates are descibed as large.
About 100 BC, a group of Nephites (called the Limhites) who had broken away from the main body of Nephites migrate to the area near the Hill
Cummorah. They find the gold plates of the Jaredites. Later they are reunited with the main body of Nephites and add the Jaredite plates to the main body
of plates
A thousand years after the Jaredite battle on the Hill Ramah, the Nephites and Lamanites battle their way Northward until they arrive at the same hill (now
called Cummorah). They also fight to the last Nephite warrior. The Lamanites who survive will become the American Indians. After the Final Battle, a man
named Moroni buries the gold plate records of his people in the hill. Fourteen hundred years later the Mormons 'claim' he returns as the Angel Moroni
and leads Joseph Smith to the plates (1823)
Nothing is mentioned more prominently in the Jaredite records than the Hill Shim where their great battle of destruction took place. This being so, the
records were probably found in or near the Hill Shim (or Cum) which gave the Nephites an apposite warning of their own future should they disobey the
commandments of God, as well as a place name to tinker with and transform into their own tongue. It may also have given Ammaron the idea to hide his
own records in the same hill, where Mormon recovered them years later.. The same association of name and place similarly seems to have given
Mormon's son Moroni the idea to hide the records, with his additions, in another hill some twenty-three hundred miles to the north following his own lost
battles.
Nothing is more common in the study of languages than the observation of interchange and "drift" of vowels and consonants. Ramah is obviously an
earlier form of Cumorah, "ramah = mora". And it is suspected that Cu was a Nephite addition, being probably equivalent to whatever was particularly
striking about the hill to the Nephites. Cu-morah is therefore probably an iterative of the same description of the hill in two separate languages.
Most Book of Mormon scholars take it for granted that there were two Cumorahs: one in Central America where the Nephites lives out most of their
history; the other in Western New York state near the Finger Lakes where Joseph Smith found the plates. Again, nothing is more common than for
migrating folk to take place names with them and apply them to new sites.
Shim (meaning hill of the land of Shem?) was known to both the Jaredites and Nephites, and that it was in the hill Shim where Ammaron deposited his
records -- and from which Mormon later took them. The Book of Mormon index (p. 329) confirms that Ramah and Cumorah refer to this same hill and it
would not be too difficult for one to link Shim with the Central American Cumorah. The consonantal shifts into the change in pronunciation since the letter
C commonly undergoes a sound shift from "k" to "ch" or "sh" and vice versa., as in modern Italian, Romanian, and Hebrew (remember how Joshua tested
the Canaanite infiltrators by having them pronounce the word "shibboleth"? The Canaanites could pronounce it only as "shibolet" .. It seems the "th" sound
has been retained only in modern Icelandic, English, and Spanish. This Shim = Cum + Ramah (or "morah").
Book of Mormon scholar John Sorenson suggests that Shim actually lay between the Jaredite land of Moron (source of Moroni's name? [fellow from (or
born in ) Moron]) and the hill Ramah, or Cumorah. Sorenson's reading of the B of M puts Shim not far from the eastern seashore, south of modern
Veracruz, probably in the Tuxtlas mountain mass, in the Sierra Madres some 80 miles further south. . Sorenson adds that no place was of greater
importance in Nephite history since they struggled to the death for almost 35 years in or near Shim in southern Veracruz.
Veracruz is on the Gulf of Mexico. The Nephites must have fought in slow retreat from the area of the narrow neck of land northward over many
generation. They would thus have been compelled to retreat along the Gulf Coast until they hit the Mississippi River. Because of its width near the Gulf,
they'd have had to retreat almost straight north along its west bank until reaching a point where the river could be crossed. This would have brought them
to the Finger Lakes area just south of Lake Erie, the exact location of the Second Cumorah near which the Nephites were wiped out. Anthropologists have
found enormous stacks of bones in this very area, indicating some mighty pre-Columbian battles in the region. And given the fact that the modern Indian
tribes of the region were never very numerous, one wonders where else all the bones could have come from. Besides which we know that Moroni was
exhausted and probably wounded during his last battle and could not have wandered far to hide the plates. And Joseph Smith found the plates about
1200 years later in this exact location.
In brief, while I can't tell you where the Nephites found the Jaredite record, it is recorded by the Mormons that Moroni had it (see Ether 13:1) and so in all
probability did his father Mormon -- and possibly even more remote Nephite ancestors. Just before their final overthrow, a man by the name of Mormon
took their record containing their history and sacred writings. .
THE RED RECORD OF THE ALGONQUIANS
The Wallam Olum -- The Red Record -- is the Delaware's record of their ancient history, told in the form of an epic song. "Recorded in pictures and
words, the saga tells of the rise to glory of the Lenni Lenape and their great Lenape family, also called the Algonquians, the most populous and
widespread Native American language group in ancient North America" (The Red Record, translated and annotated by David McCutchen. Garder City, NY:
Avery Publishing Group, Inc. 1993. )
As the Lenape migration neared the Mississippi River, they came upon agricultural lands where permanent settlements became possible. The Lenape
soon discovered that farther to the east were the powerful people called the TALEGAS . According to Heckewelder [an early
missionary], the Lenape arrived at the Mississippi and followed it downstream to where it meets the Missouri River. This is the location of the great walled
city of Cahokia, near where east St. Louis is today. It was then a commercial, political, and religious center of the last and most spectacular era of Mound
Builder culture -- the Mississippian Temple Mound phase. Cahokia has been described as "a cross between New York, Washington, D.C., and the
Vatican." -- The Red Record: The Wallum Olam, p. 107.
Cahokia
A.J. Conant, a member of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Missouri, is quoted below:
Atop the mounds constantly burned the flames that were only extinguished at the end of the old year and were relighted by the rays of the
sun when the priests focused the rays of the newly born Sun on the wood of the sacrificial fires. This took place amidst the most
extraordinary solemnity. -- The Roots of the American Indian, p. 59.
According to early reports the fires were extinguished during the winter solstice when the days became shortest and the sun reached the lowest point in
the southern sky, and the weather became very cold. "Then, to give life to the dying sun, the rays of the king of the heavens were focused on the altar of
the sacrifices in order that, with the light of the fire that burned, he could see his way back to the north" (ibid., p. 53). This is the EXACT same ceremony
that was celebrated in ancient Rome, Egypt and Babylon! The people who constructed the mounds and the pyramids all paid homage to the same gods
because they were of one blood and language. Foremost among their gods was the PLUMED SERPENT called Piasa
CANAL SYSTEM INTERLINKING LAKES AND RIVERS FOR TRANSPORT
The ancient people not only had developed a great urban civilization based upon an agrarian economy but construsted the ingenious system of
interlocking canals. With amazing skill, the engineers developed an internal system of navigation, linking the lakes and rivers with the various metropolitan
centers of the region, and it was by means of these interconnecting waterways that the cities received the needed produce. The Mississippi River served
as the principal transportation artery. Dr. G.C. Swallow, in referring to one of these canals, said, "One of them, that I examined, measured 53 feet wide and
was 14 feet deep." More of these canal system was created interlinking water routes from the Great Lakes
Many archaeologists and investigators say that the 'artificial' rivers in the southern part of the United States are a gift handed down by this mysterious race
Wonders of the Lowlands by L.J. DuPre - Excerpt:
“About twenty years ago Elijah Cheek, who during the late war sought the Chief Magistracy of Arkansas at the hands of President Lincoln, was engaged in constructing a plank
road from Mound city, five miles above Memphis to Marion, the capital of Crittenden County, ten miles west of Memphis. In making excavations and embankments Mr. Cheek
discovered strangely shaped bricks of which specimens were sent to the writer of this memoir. They were made of grayish clay nine by 12 inches in width and length and four
inches thick. Mr Cheek supposed from the number of ruins which he found every fe rods along the route of this old military road that Spaniards, when they held the country, built
palaces every where and grew enormously rich by cultivating the lowlands. He finally accepted the conclusion, after hearing a curious recitation of mound builder's history written
by the late Cornelias Mathews of New York that the old military road was not the product of modern but of ancient skill and toil. He then saw how the ridge it traverses is artificial,
how it is wider where the richest mound builder built his domicile and how it is true that these people lifted up in the lowlands not only countless canals and aguadas, but mounds
and dug count-absolutely created, by uplifting the earth that constituted them, broad farms of hundreds and even thousands of acres.
We of modern times are boastful of the triumphs of engineering skill the bridges rivers upheaves levees and builds railways. Thee mound builders achieved mightier tasks and
constructed road beds that stagger credulity and dug canals infinitely more serviceable than railways every where in the lowlands. Floods ruinous to civilization and wealth were
rendered by them wholly impossible. Canals were not only the cheapest agencies of commerce, but the area of water service exposed to the action of the sun's rays was not
materially lessened, as would occur if levees could effect their purpose and wail in the river. No such changes in climatic or hygrometrical laws resulted as would reader, by
producing wet and dry seasons, the successful cultivation of cotton impossible. These mound builders were wiser than we. They cultivated the lowlands, first regulating the
distribution of water, and making the country healthful by this useful system of drainage; and then doubtless there were at Memphis, as at St. Louis and Loisville, and other points
designated by remains of the mound builders greatest works, magnificent cities.”
In estimating the period at which these people occupied the Mississippi Valley, Mr. Du Pre bases his calculations on the fact that the ruins of their work are not found lower down
the river than at a a distance of 325 miles from its mouth. As the Mississippi makes land at the rate of nearly a mile in eight years, it would follow that a period of about 3000 years
must have elapsed since the city was built at the (then) mouth of the river , the present site of Natchez, Miss. The statement is made by Du Pre as follows: “The river has grown 325
miles in length since the mound builders ceased to follow its curse downward from the Lake Superior copper mines to the Mexican Gulf and thus the conclusion is deduced that
quite 3000 years have elapsed since the people known as mound builders utterly disappeared.”
MOUND BUILDERS CONTINUED
copyright 2004 Mary Sutherland
Continued from Page One.
"Herodotus describes 'a place in Libya,' beyond the Pillars of Hercules (i.e. past the Straits of Gilbralta) where the
Carthaginians traded for precious metals. He wrote that the local natives used SMOKE SIGNALS to communicate over
long distances (Herodotus, 4: 196).
Mormons identify the Mound Builders to the Nephites and Lamanites Elder Charles B. Thompson was one of the first Mormon writers to
identify the "mound-builders" with the Nephites whose story is told in the Book of Mormon. According to the Book of Mormons, there were two races here
ages ago. One was the Nephites and the other were the Lamanites. The Nephites were a white skinned, red haired , civilized, industrious people...
whereas the Lamanites were an idle, savage, and vicious people delighting in war and bloodshed... The order was given to wipe the Nephites off
the face of the earth, along with all record of their existence. (Deut.) In some battles thousands were slain who were piled up in heaps
upon the face of the land and then earth thrown upon them. This may account for some of the numerous mounds and tumuli found in this
country.
Josiah Priest, American Antiquities, was one of the first to give full documented accounts of this lost race, based on abundance of proof from recent
discoveries. History informs this nation of Nephites were brought down and destroyed by the Lamanites... God stirred up the Lamanites to
camp against them round about, and to raise forts against them with a mount, and thus they were brought down. (Deut.) After Priest
completed his report, most of his books and documents concerning this was destroyed.
The wars of the Jaredites (Nephites) and the Lamanites
According to the Book of Mormons, after the Genesis Flood , during the time of 'The Tower of Babel, a group sailed from the Region of the
Tower of Babel to North America . This group of peoples were the Jaredites. According to the Morman Book of Ether, a group of people
called the Jaredites fled the Tower of Babel at least 3000 years before Christ. Because they were a righteous people the LORD did not
confound their language, and a Prophet led them called "The Brother of Jared" (his actual name was Mahonri Moriancumr).
In the year 1883 B.C. an invasion of Spain took place from the confines of North Africa. Having become a civilized land and wealthy due to changes in
climate and the presence of many producing gold mines, Spain aroused the greed of Egypt and other North African nations. A king by the name of
GERION or DEABUS, with a large army and many ships, conquered Spain and forced the inhabitants to dig gold for their new African overlords. Many
Spanish slaves died from overwork under this tyranny" Osyris slew Gerion in 1849 B.C. ,, upon which part of his tribe took to ship and sailed to
the New World. A tradition found among the Toltecs of Mexico and preserved by Ixtlilxochitl declares there once were giants in their land.
Even the date of the arrival of these giants has been preserved by the Toltec historian. It was 520 years after the flood.
The First Battle of Cummorah
By 600 BC the Jaredites had divided into two warring camps.. Their armies fought on the Hill Ramah (which is also the Hill Cummorah and which is now
located in Western New York State). A man named Ether "hides " the records of his people (gold plates).
The Second Battle of Cummorah and the Nephites
Mosiah 5:65 mentions a Nephite search party had come across ruins of an earlier civilization (Jaredite). To prove this find they brought back 24 gold
plates and some armor and weapons. The breastplates are descibed as large.
About 100 BC, a group of Nephites (called the Limhites) who had broken away from the main body of Nephites migrate to the area near the Hill
Cummorah. They find the gold plates of the Jaredites. Later they are reunited with the main body of Nephites and add the Jaredite plates to the main body
of plates
A thousand years after the Jaredite battle on the Hill Ramah, the Nephites and Lamanites battle their way Northward until they arrive at the same hill (now
called Cummorah). They also fight to the last Nephite warrior. The Lamanites who survive will become the American Indians. After the Final Battle, a man
named Moroni buries the gold plate records of his people in the hill. Fourteen hundred years later the Mormons 'claim' he returns as the Angel Moroni
and leads Joseph Smith to the plates (1823)
Nothing is mentioned more prominently in the Jaredite records than the Hill Shim where their great battle of destruction took place. This being so, the
records were probably found in or near the Hill Shim (or Cum) which gave the Nephites an apposite warning of their own future should they disobey the
commandments of God, as well as a place name to tinker with and transform into their own tongue. It may also have given Ammaron the idea to hide his
own records in the same hill, where Mormon recovered them years later.. The same association of name and place similarly seems to have given
Mormon's son Moroni the idea to hide the records, with his additions, in another hill some twenty-three hundred miles to the north following his own lost
battles.
Nothing is more common in the study of languages than the observation of interchange and "drift" of vowels and consonants. Ramah is obviously an
earlier form of Cumorah, "ramah = mora". And it is suspected that Cu was a Nephite addition, being probably equivalent to whatever was particularly
striking about the hill to the Nephites. Cu-morah is therefore probably an iterative of the same description of the hill in two separate languages.
Most Book of Mormon scholars take it for granted that there were two Cumorahs: one in Central America where the Nephites lives out most of their
history; the other in Western New York state near the Finger Lakes where Joseph Smith found the plates. Again, nothing is more common than for
migrating folk to take place names with them and apply them to new sites.
Shim (meaning hill of the land of Shem?) was known to both the Jaredites and Nephites, and that it was in the hill Shim where Ammaron deposited his
records -- and from which Mormon later took them. The Book of Mormon index (p. 329) confirms that Ramah and Cumorah refer to this same hill and it
would not be too difficult for one to link Shim with the Central American Cumorah. The consonantal shifts into the change in pronunciation since the letter
C commonly undergoes a sound shift from "k" to "ch" or "sh" and vice versa., as in modern Italian, Romanian, and Hebrew (remember how Joshua tested
the Canaanite infiltrators by having them pronounce the word "shibboleth"? The Canaanites could pronounce it only as "shibolet" .. It seems the "th" sound
has been retained only in modern Icelandic, English, and Spanish. This Shim = Cum + Ramah (or "morah").
Book of Mormon scholar John Sorenson suggests that Shim actually lay between the Jaredite land of Moron (source of Moroni's name? [fellow from (or
born in ) Moron]) and the hill Ramah, or Cumorah. Sorenson's reading of the B of M puts Shim not far from the eastern seashore, south of modern
Veracruz, probably in the Tuxtlas mountain mass, in the Sierra Madres some 80 miles further south. . Sorenson adds that no place was of greater
importance in Nephite history since they struggled to the death for almost 35 years in or near Shim in southern Veracruz.
Veracruz is on the Gulf of Mexico. The Nephites must have fought in slow retreat from the area of the narrow neck of land northward over many
generation. They would thus have been compelled to retreat along the Gulf Coast until they hit the Mississippi River. Because of its width near the Gulf,
they'd have had to retreat almost straight north along its west bank until reaching a point where the river could be crossed. This would have brought them
to the Finger Lakes area just south of Lake Erie, the exact location of the Second Cumorah near which the Nephites were wiped out. Anthropologists have
found enormous stacks of bones in this very area, indicating some mighty pre-Columbian battles in the region. And given the fact that the modern Indian
tribes of the region were never very numerous, one wonders where else all the bones could have come from. Besides which we know that Moroni was
exhausted and probably wounded during his last battle and could not have wandered far to hide the plates. And Joseph Smith found the plates about
1200 years later in this exact location.
In brief, while I can't tell you where the Nephites found the Jaredite record, it is recorded by the Mormons that Moroni had it (see Ether 13:1) and so in all
probability did his father Mormon -- and possibly even more remote Nephite ancestors. Just before their final overthrow, a man by the name of Mormon
took their record containing their history and sacred writings. .
THE RED RECORD OF THE ALGONQUIANS
The Wallam Olum -- The Red Record -- is the Delaware's record of their ancient history, told in the form of an epic song. "Recorded in pictures and
words, the saga tells of the rise to glory of the Lenni Lenape and their great Lenape family, also called the Algonquians, the most populous and
widespread Native American language group in ancient North America" (The Red Record, translated and annotated by David McCutchen. Garder City, NY:
Avery Publishing Group, Inc. 1993. )
As the Lenape migration neared the Mississippi River, they came upon agricultural lands where permanent settlements became possible. The Lenape
soon discovered that farther to the east were the powerful people called the TALEGAS . According to Heckewelder [an early
missionary], the Lenape arrived at the Mississippi and followed it downstream to where it meets the Missouri River. This is the location of the great walled
city of Cahokia, near where east St. Louis is today. It was then a commercial, political, and religious center of the last and most spectacular era of Mound
Builder culture -- the Mississippian Temple Mound phase. Cahokia has been described as "a cross between New York, Washington, D.C., and the
Vatican." -- The Red Record: The Wallum Olam, p. 107.
Cahokia
A.J. Conant, a member of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Missouri, is quoted below:
Atop the mounds constantly burned the flames that were only extinguished at the end of the old year and were relighted by the rays of the
sun when the priests focused the rays of the newly born Sun on the wood of the sacrificial fires. This took place amidst the most
extraordinary solemnity. -- The Roots of the American Indian, p. 59.
According to early reports the fires were extinguished during the winter solstice when the days became shortest and the sun reached the lowest point in
the southern sky, and the weather became very cold. "Then, to give life to the dying sun, the rays of the king of the heavens were focused on the altar of
the sacrifices in order that, with the light of the fire that burned, he could see his way back to the north" (ibid., p. 53). This is the EXACT same ceremony
that was celebrated in ancient Rome, Egypt and Babylon! The people who constructed the mounds and the pyramids all paid homage to the same gods
because they were of one blood and language. Foremost among their gods was the PLUMED SERPENT called Piasa
CANAL SYSTEM INTERLINKING LAKES AND RIVERS FOR TRANSPORT
The ancient people not only had developed a great urban civilization based upon an agrarian economy but construsted the ingenious system of
interlocking canals. With amazing skill, the engineers developed an internal system of navigation, linking the lakes and rivers with the various metropolitan
centers of the region, and it was by means of these interconnecting waterways that the cities received the needed produce. The Mississippi River served
as the principal transportation artery. Dr. G.C. Swallow, in referring to one of these canals, said, "One of them, that I examined, measured 53 feet wide and
was 14 feet deep." More of these canal system was created interlinking water routes from the Great Lakes
Many archaeologists and investigators say that the 'artificial' rivers in the southern part of the United States are a gift handed down by this mysterious race
Wonders of the Lowlands by L.J. DuPre - Excerpt:
“About twenty years ago Elijah Cheek, who during the late war sought the Chief Magistracy of Arkansas at the hands of President Lincoln, was engaged in constructing a plank
road from Mound city, five miles above Memphis to Marion, the capital of Crittenden County, ten miles west of Memphis. In making excavations and embankments Mr. Cheek
discovered strangely shaped bricks of which specimens were sent to the writer of this memoir. They were made of grayish clay nine by 12 inches in width and length and four
inches thick. Mr Cheek supposed from the number of ruins which he found every fe rods along the route of this old military road that Spaniards, when they held the country, built
palaces every where and grew enormously rich by cultivating the lowlands. He finally accepted the conclusion, after hearing a curious recitation of mound builder's history written
by the late Cornelias Mathews of New York that the old military road was not the product of modern but of ancient skill and toil. He then saw how the ridge it traverses is artificial,
how it is wider where the richest mound builder built his domicile and how it is true that these people lifted up in the lowlands not only countless canals and aguadas, but mounds
and dug count-absolutely created, by uplifting the earth that constituted them, broad farms of hundreds and even thousands of acres.
We of modern times are boastful of the triumphs of engineering skill the bridges rivers upheaves levees and builds railways. Thee mound builders achieved mightier tasks and
constructed road beds that stagger credulity and dug canals infinitely more serviceable than railways every where in the lowlands. Floods ruinous to civilization and wealth were
rendered by them wholly impossible. Canals were not only the cheapest agencies of commerce, but the area of water service exposed to the action of the sun's rays was not
materially lessened, as would occur if levees could effect their purpose and wail in the river. No such changes in climatic or hygrometrical laws resulted as would reader, by
producing wet and dry seasons, the successful cultivation of cotton impossible. These mound builders were wiser than we. They cultivated the lowlands, first regulating the
distribution of water, and making the country healthful by this useful system of drainage; and then doubtless there were at Memphis, as at St. Louis and Loisville, and other points
designated by remains of the mound builders greatest works, magnificent cities.”
In estimating the period at which these people occupied the Mississippi Valley, Mr. Du Pre bases his calculations on the fact that the ruins of their work are not found lower down
the river than at a a distance of 325 miles from its mouth. As the Mississippi makes land at the rate of nearly a mile in eight years, it would follow that a period of about 3000 years
must have elapsed since the city was built at the (then) mouth of the river , the present site of Natchez, Miss. The statement is made by Du Pre as follows: “The river has grown 325
miles in length since the mound builders ceased to follow its curse downward from the Lake Superior copper mines to the Mexican Gulf and thus the conclusion is deduced that
quite 3000 years have elapsed since the people known as mound builders utterly disappeared.”
MOUND BUILDERS CONTINUED
| The Mound Builders - The Ancient Ones- The Giants - The Men of Old - The Mound Builders - Mound Builders Mounds of Wisconsin - Mound Builders of Wisconsin - Effigy Mounds - Conical Mounds- Ceremonial Mounds - |
| Conical mounds located off W going into Rochester, several miles from Burlington. This mound is located in the public hunting grounds and wetland area |
| LOCAL MOUND SITES |
| Did you know that Berbers had Mohawk Haircuts w/ feathers in hair - Just like the Native American Indian that came into our history much later |
Clovis People Not First To Populate
North America, New Evidence
Suggests ScienceDaily (Feb. 27, 2007)
The belief that the Clovis People were
the first to populate North America
some 11,500 years ago has been widely
challenged in recent years, and a Texas
A&M University anthropologist has
found evidence he says could be the
final nail in the coffin for the Clovis
first model.
North America, New Evidence
Suggests ScienceDaily (Feb. 27, 2007)
The belief that the Clovis People were
the first to populate North America
some 11,500 years ago has been widely
challenged in recent years, and a Texas
A&M University anthropologist has
found evidence he says could be the
final nail in the coffin for the Clovis
first model.
Michael Waters, director of the Center for the Study of
the First Americans at Texas A&M, is the lead author of
the paper "Redefining the Age of Clovis: Implications for
the Peopling of the Americas," that appears in the Feb.
23 (Friday) issue of Science.
Waters' paper revises the original dates for the Clovis
time period, suggesting that humans likely inhabited
the Americas before Clovis, who have long been
considered to be the first inhabitants of the New World.
"It was always argued that Clovis represented the first
people who came to the Americas," Waters says. "The
new dating that we did indicates that the Clovis
Complex ranges from 11,050 to 10,900 radiocarbon
years before the present."
"The long-range implications of our study is
that it will get scientists looking for
pre-Clovis evidence with a lot more vigor and
thinking differently about Clovis," Waters
says. "This will force us to develop a new
model to explain the peopling of the
Americas."
the First Americans at Texas A&M, is the lead author of
the paper "Redefining the Age of Clovis: Implications for
the Peopling of the Americas," that appears in the Feb.
23 (Friday) issue of Science.
Waters' paper revises the original dates for the Clovis
time period, suggesting that humans likely inhabited
the Americas before Clovis, who have long been
considered to be the first inhabitants of the New World.
"It was always argued that Clovis represented the first
people who came to the Americas," Waters says. "The
new dating that we did indicates that the Clovis
Complex ranges from 11,050 to 10,900 radiocarbon
years before the present."
"The long-range implications of our study is
that it will get scientists looking for
pre-Clovis evidence with a lot more vigor and
thinking differently about Clovis," Waters
says. "This will force us to develop a new
model to explain the peopling of the
Americas."
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