| MOSES OF THE MIDIANITES -HYKSOS FIRST KING OF THEBES OF THE 17TH DYNASTY Contact |
THE HYKOS (AMU) - Shepherd Kings
The Amu or Hyksos were driven out of their native land after a great plague, earthquake and flood.
Papyrus Ipuwer "A foreign tribe from abroad has come to the land."3:1; "What has happened? ... through it is the cause the Asiatics to know the condition of
the land." 15:1.
See: The ancient Arab author Macoudi, "L'Abrege des merveilles" and "Les Praires d'or", Vol. III, p.101; Kitab-Alaghaniy (trans. Fresnel), pp. 206ff.
Many perished during the migration in a sudden flood that swept the land of Arabia.
At the end of the 12th dynasty a migration of Seminite people called "Hyksos" settled down in the Eastern Delta of Egypt. The Hyksos took over the rule of
Egypt in the 17th century BC and during this period of time, there was peace and prosperity for Egypt. It is said that they respected the native religions,
maintained ancient Egyptian as the official language of the government, and allowed many Egyptians to serve in the high levels of the administration of the state.
They taught the Egyptians new military techniques and introduced the use of the horse and chariot, bronze weapons and composite bows.
They had their own gods but never imposed these on the indigenous people and the language in the administration continued to be Egyptian. They only one
domestic god they worshipped was - Set or Seth , who they identified with to their their own god of storms. The Hyksos retained their worship of Astarte
(the Phonecian mother-goddess) and Reshep (a Phoenician storm god). They seem to have adopted Egyptian manners, laws, and had trade relations with the
Minoans and Babylonians. At the same time, the Hyksos living in Egypt have been described as "Peculiarly Egyptian", but were great builders and artisans.
They were recognized by later Egyptians and listed as legitimate kings, but no tombs from these half a dozen rulers have been found and their personal names
were non-Egyptian.
The kings claimed themselves pharaohs with all the regalia and tradition attached to that title and the more than hundred years they ruled northern Egypt was
mainly a time of peace and prosperity.
Egypt would eventually benefit considerably from their experience of foreign rule, and it has been suggested that the Hyksos rule of Egypt was far less
damaging then later 18th Dynasty records would lead us to believe. It would make Egypt a stronger country, with a much more viable military. Until the
Hyksos rule , the history of Egypt and Asia were mostly isolated, while afterwards, they would be permanently entwined. The Hyksos brought more than
weapons to Egypt. It was due to the Hyksos that the hump backed Zebu cattle made their appearance in Egypt. Also, we find new vegetable and fruit crops
that were cultivated, along with improvements in pottery and linen arising from the introduction of improved potter's wheels and the vertical loom.
Perhaps one of the greatest contribution of the Hyksos was the preservation of famous Egyptian documents, both literary and scientific. During the reign of
Apophis, the fifth king of the “Great Hyksos,� scribes were commissioned to recopy Egyptian texts so they would not be lost. One such text was the
Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus. This unique text, dating from about 3000 BC, gives a clear perspective of the human body as studied by the Egyptians, with
details of specific clinical cases, examinations, and prognosis. The Westcar Papyrus preserved the only known version of an ancient Egyptian story that may
have otherwise been lost. Other restored documents include the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, the most important mathematical exposition ever found in
Egypt.
But it was the diffusion of innovations with more obvious military applications, such as bronze-working, which went far to compensate for the technological
backwardness of Middle Kingdom Egypt, and it was these advantages that eventually allowed the kingdom at Thebes to gain back control of the Two Lands.
Ancient documents tell of the Hyksos burning buildings and cities to the ground, but I question if one of the reasons for this wasn't for the fact that during the
period of the great migration the lands were suffering from a plague. The burning of these buildings may have been in an attempt to cleanse the area of the
plague. As reported, God had smited the land - could this have been a reference to the plage..and could not the Hyksos also have been affected as well by the
plague as the Egyptians?
No hostility seems to have been between the two parts until the last 20 years until a liberation war, initiated by Amhose I and completed by Thutmoses III,
finally wiped out the Hyksos dynasty.
MIDIANITES OF MOSES - HYKSOS OF EGYPTIANS
The Hyksos were surely the Biblical Midianites, i.e. Palestinians. According to the Bible, Moses took the daughter of their King as a wife.
The five Midianite kings of the five cities were - according to the Bible - destroyed by Moses for their allegiance with the Moabites.
These are the kings Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur and Reba and these are the Hyksos kings Scheschi, Apopi II, Apopi I, Chian and Jakobher on the Egyptian
hieroglyphs as the Hyksos Kings. The Pharaoh Anather is the same as Biblical Gideon.
The Hyksos were enemies of the Hittites who were Indo-European. The name of these peoples, Hy (KSOS), is perhaps retained in the later Russian and
Turkish term KAZAK equaling "COSSACK" who were definied as adventurers, raiders and/or, nomadic shepherds.
The HYKSOS were a tribe (or tribes) of nomadic and warlike shepherd peoples (the Kassites, Kaska, Amorites, Aramaeans, Midianites, Syrians, Palestinians)
who spread across Palestine due to the chaos caused by earthquakes and the explosion of Santorin. They took advantage of the so weakened peoples and
governments in the region, and even extended their influence into Egypt, until their expulsion, circa 1575 B.C. which coincides with their taking of Babylon at
about the same time.
AMORITES of the Bible may be the Aramaeans of the scholars - known in Sumerian and Akkadian texts as MAR.TU or AMURRU, who are the people of
MARI
The equation of Aramaean with Amorite is supported by Albright's thesis that Aramaic finds original traces in Mari texts, i.e., Amorite texts. The description
of the Amorites (Aramaeans) fits those of the Kassites. Amorite later becomes Aramaic, the lingua franca of the fertile crescent, and ARAMAIC becomes
ARABIC (through M>B shift. (The Aramaeans are today called Syrians and are related to the Palestinians).
The Aramaeans were known collectively as the KAL.DU or Chaldeans, and - here is the connection to the Kassites and Hyksos - KAL.DU is also written as
KAS.DU in Babylonian and as KASDIM in Hebrew. In Assyro-Babylonian texts KAS4 means "to vagabond, run freely about" so this again means
"shepherds". The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt has a good discussion of the Hyksos as Palestinians.
In the ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF THE ANCIENT WORLD , based on Astronomy and the Pharaonic Lists of Kings
The Midianites of Moses are the Hyksos of the Egyptian History and of the15th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
A review of the Egyptian hieroglyphs shows the following parallels of names.
* There are 5 known Hyksos Kings - and 5 Midianite Kings in the Bible - The Cartouches of the Kings are pictured and explained at Cartouche
15th Dynasty
Hyksos King Scheschi (Maaibre) is Midianite King EVI
Hyksos King Jakobher (Meruserre) is Midianite King REBA
Hyksos King Chian (Sueserenre) is Midianite King HUR
Hyksos King Apopi I (Auserre) is Midianite King ZUR
Hyksos King Apopi II (Aqenenre) is Midianite King REKEM
16th Dynasty
The "King" Anather is the Biblical Judge GIDEON (Jerubboseth) and his name points to his leadership in the founding of New Salem, i.e. New Jerusalem
see the cartouches.
In other words, Jerusalem was founded after the outbreak of the volcano Santorin on Thera which must have destroyed the old city.
The "King" Jakbam is Gideon´s son ABIMELECH (Jephtah).
There is no cartouche around the names because, as the Bible reports, Gideon refused kingship.
17th Dynasty in Thebes
The King SOBEKEMSAF II (Sechemre Schedtaui) is MOSES
The King ANTEF VII (Nubcheperre) is AARON (Aron Haberit)
The King TA´A I. is ELEASAR
The King TA´A II. is Seqenenre = NUN who was killed by the Philestines (Palestianians) who then took the ark.
The King Kamose is HO-PHNIS, identical to PINEHAS
18th Dynasty
The Pharaoh AHMOSE is JOSHUA
QUEEN HATSCHEPSUT is Biblical DEBORAH
THUTMOSIS is BARAK
(Barak is the perch of the Bird - Akkadian)
MOSES
According to Artapanus, Moses was born circa 1708 BC
At the age of 40, before Exodus, Moses first fled [ca. 1667 BC] from Egypt and sought refuge among the Midianites (2 Moses 2, 15) who - on the basis of
Egyptian Hieroglyphs - were none other than the Hyksos, which the British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt describes as follows (p. 136):
HYKSOS: "...a Palestinian group...who migrated into Egypt during the late Middle Kingdom (c. 1800-1650 BC) and rose to power in Lower Egypt during the
Second Intermediate Period (1650-1550 BC)."
MIDIANITES (also called ISHMAELITES, Enc. Brit.):
The Lion Handbook of the Bible notes that the Midianites "were descendants of Abraham through his second wife, Keturah."
(1 Moses 25,2 and 1 Chronicles 1,32) Abraham had sent all the sons of Keturah into the desert. As noted in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, "they engaged in
pastoral pursuits, caravan trading and banditry... Jethro, priest-leader of the Midianite subtribe the Kenites, and his daughter Zipporah (a wife of Moses),
influenced early Hebrew thought: it was Yahweh, the lord of the Midianites, who was revealed to Moses as the God of the Hebrews."
MOSES AND THE MIDIANITES
Moses took Zipporah as his wife and the priest Jethro became his father-in-law. In spite of this, because of the alliance of the Kenites with the Moabites in the
days of Exodus, Moses ordered his people to handle the Midianites as enemies because of ther idolatry (4 Moses 22, 4-7, 5 Moses 16-18) and indeed their five
kings Evi, Rekem, Zur Hur and Reba (5 Moses 8) and all their cities were burned to the ground (5 Moses 10).
Tell el-Daba (Auris) As noted in the Chronicle of the Pharaohs by Peter A. Clayton, newest excavations clearly indicate that the cities in the northeastern Nile
Delta were completely destroyed at the end of the Hyksos period.
The Hapiru were Arabs
The period of Kassite (Amorite) rule is a dark age in the fertile crescent, during which the Amorite language became dominant in Syria and Palestine - and is
retained down to this day as Arabic. These Amorites are surely the Habiru or Hapiru of history (the "correct" transcription is ha-ru-bi or ha-ru-pi i.e. "the
shepherd people" or ARABs). Indeed, as noted in the Lion Handbook to the Bible "during most of the 1st millennium BC (by current chronology), the
Arabians appear mainly as raiders
BIBLICAL JOSEPH
In the story of Joseph, there was a famine in Canaan which forced a small wandering band of seventy Hebrews, or "Habirus", under the leadership of Joseph,
to settled near the mouth of the Nile River. They were welcomed by their cousins, the Hykos, and Joseph was accepted into their royal court.
Yuya-Joseph
(Yu-ya - Alalu-Ea)
Biblical Joseph - Egyptian Prime Minister during 1400 BC
Married to Thuya
Egyptian and King Ben-Hadad I
Father of Tiy. Yuya's blonde hair and Caucasian facial struture have been well preserved by the embalming process.
Yuya bore the prestigious title of "Father of God [Pharaoh]"meaning pharaoh's 'father-in-law'.
Was priest of both Hermonthis and Amon during his career.
The name "Yu-ya" is essentially identical with the name of God given to Moses from the burning bush
The first Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty and the Rise of the God AMUN
AhmoseI
The first king of the New Kingdom, Ahmose came from a line of Theban rulers (17th Dynasty) who were campaigning against the rulers of Egypt  the
Hyksos. Following the death of his brother, Kamose Ahmose then became head of the Theban royal line and took up the challenge to rid Egypt of the hated
foreigners. Ahmose was son of Seqenenre-Tao II and Queen Ahhotep. It is thought that when he first inherited his family throne, Ahmose was roughly ten
years old, at this point his mother, Ahhotep became co-regent with him until he reached 16 and became king in his own right. Expulsion of the Hyksos in Year
16 of his reign.
Ahmose I slowly drove the Hyksos back to their capital Avaris (location on one of the eastern branches of the Nile in Lower Egypt), once here Ahmose laid
siege to the city. Ahmose had troubles of his own with his kingdom, he left the siege of Avaris in the control of his military commanders so that he was free to
placate a rebellion in the Theban region. When Ahmose returned to Avaris he found that negotiations had been taking place between the Hyksos and his military
commanders  the Hyksos were allowed to leave Egypt gracefully in return for surrendering the city .
Ahmose also honoured his god for the many victories Ahmose had won - he edowed the temple of his capital city with many gifts, this act was to set a
precedent for future kings of Egypt, one which begin the rise of Amun over all other gods of Egypt
AhmoseI conducted 'the great mysteries' classes in his private chambers and thought to have reigned 1580 B.C. to 1557 B.C. Because he was capable of
conducting the great school as well as ruling the people with more civilized and advanced principles , he is referred to as the "deliverer of Egypt" by some
historians.
He was succeeded as Pharaoh by Amenhotep I, who became a teacher in the secret mystery school for three years
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Under his rule he permitted the populace to indulge in all its fanciful beliefs and religions. He believed that a gradual development in the existing mystical beliefs
could be more easily and permanently accomplished by establishing a secret school of philosophy, the students of which would put into practice the high
standards selected.
As in all ages there were those who might be called advanced thinkers, true philosophers, sages, and scholars. Many of these were students of the mystical
doctrines as taught by Thutmose's predecessors, and they evidently had great faith in the final success of the principles; for when Thutmose proposed that the
"class" which had been meeting in his chambers become a closed and secret order, "there was no dissenting voice, and articles of limitations were established ere
the assembly dispersed in the early hours of dawn."
This grand "Council Meeting," for such it is considered in all official records of the Order, occurred during what would be the week of March 28th to April 4th
of 1489 B. C., according to our present calendar.
Twelve known Fratres and Sorores were present at this first Supreme Council. The Sorores were the wife of Thutmose III, known in the Order as Mene; the
wife of one of the Fratres; and another who was a descendant of one of the rulers of a preceding dynasty. Therefore, there were nine Fratres and three Sorores at
this Council, a combination of numbers very significant.
No worldly name was decided upon for the Brotherhood, the records showing that the predominating thought was the maintenance of secrecy.
The organization had no publicity; it required no propaganda other than personal advice to those whose presence was desired, and as the one word, translated
into Brotherhood (a secret, fraternal body), was sufficient name for all purposes.
Though the Order had no definite name, Thutmose saw that it had very definite principles, rules, and modes of procedure, all of which have come down today
without material change.
At the close of his reign in 1447 there were thirty nine Fratres and Sorores in the Council, and the meetings, which had become regular and systematic, were held
in a hall of the Temple at Karnak, outside of which Thutmose III erected two obelisks bearing a record of his achievements.
Thutmose signed most of the decrees of the Council with his own cartouche and it became the Seal of the Order "in testimony of the great work of our teacher
(Master) to be forever a mark of honor and loyalty." As was customary with these rulers when any event of national importance occurred, Thutmose issued a
scarab bearing his cartouche on one side, plus a mark which has a special meaning to all mystics. One original scarab, which was used for hundreds of years in
Egypt by various officials to impress the Seal of the mystic fraternity in wax on all official documents, was given to the Grand Lodge of America with other
jewels and papers of an official nature. It is considered one of the rarest antiquities of Egypt now in this country. if not the most
sacred, of all mystic jewels, one which has never been used by other than the Masters in Egypt.
It means virtually the passing of the Master's Spirit from Egypt to America, as was planned by the founders centuries ago.
In this connection it may be explained that the Obelisk is now in Central Park New York City - It is one of the two that was erected in Egypt by Thutmose III
and had intended to stand some day in "the country where the Eagle spreads its wings" -
Before his death, he left his son AmenhoptepII) as co-regent . After his death at the age of 89 AmenhoptepII took up his father's work in the Brotherhood
about the end of September, 1448 B.C. and ruled until around 1420 B.C.
AmenhoptepII was known as a conquering warrior pharoah. Amenhotep was faced with a major rebellion in Syria by the vassal state of Naharin in his Year 3
almost immediately after the death of his father and dispatched his Army to the Levant to suppress it.
Amenhotep also embarked on his second and third Syrian campaigns in Year 7 and 9 of his reign. Both rebellions were caused by a revolt in the Syrian regions
of the Egyptian Empire, which was likely instigated by Egypt's chief Near Eastern rival, Mitanni. The Year 9 battle occurred on the heights of Niy and resulted
in Egypt's loss of control over the entire area between the rivers Orontes and Euphrates despite the recorded Egyptian pillaging in Retenu and the capture of
3,600 Apiru prisoners-of-war. After this campaign, no further conflicts developed between Mitanni and Egypt, and an informal peace was maintained between
Amenhotep and the king of Mitanni. Thereafter, Amenhotep concentrated on domestic matters but maintained Egypt's imperial control over Canaan and
Egypt's overall prosperity.
Amenhotep was not solely a warrior, but also a diplomat who established cordial relations with Babylonians and Hittites in exchange for acknowledging
Egyptian hegemony of the region. With peace secured, Amenhotep set about initiating various building projects. He commissioned a column to stand in the
courtyard between the fourth and fifth pylons in the Temple of Karnak commemorating the agreement between him, Artatama I and other Mitanni leaders. He
also built a temple to Horemakhet near the Great Sphinx at Giza and expanded the Temple of Karnak. Amenhotep also ordered the decoration of the Temple at
Kalabsha and continued Thutmose III's construction projects at Amada in Nubia.
Amenhotep did not record the names of his queens; some Egyptologists theorise that he felt that women had become too powerful under titles such as God's
Wife of Amun. They point to the fact that he participated in his father's removal of Hatshepsut's name from her monument and the destruction of her image.
Amenhotep II was succeeded his son Thutmose IV,
who ruled from 1420 to 1411 B.C
Tuthmosis IV and His Mother, Tiaa'
Fought against King David.
"Soon Thutmose IV sent out a large force to fight against king David in the valley of the Giants. This was made up from the armies of the alliance and troops
from Egypt as well. However, David's army caught them by surprise and defeated Thutmose IV's force and drove them all the way back to Egypt's boundary
south of Gaza.
Amenhotep III, King David , son of the preceding, occupied the throne from 1411 to 1375 B.C. and was the last of the truly powerful pharaohs or emperors.
Amenhotep III's birth is splendidly depicted in a series of reliefs inside a room on the east side of the temple of Luxor. Built by Amenhotep III, the room was
dedicated to Amun. However, it portrays the creator god, Khnum of Elephantine (at modern Aswan) with his ram head, fashioning the child and his ka on a
potter's wheel under the supervision of the goddess Isis. The god Amun is then led to Amenhotep III's mother by Thoth, god of wisdom, after which Amun is
shown in the presence of the goddesses Hathor and Mut while they nurse the future king
Upon the transition of Amenhotep III the Empire fell to his son Amenhotep IV, Solomon with whose history all Rosicrucians are greatly concerned.
He was the last Great Master in the family of the founders and the one to whom we owe the really wonderful philosophies and writings used so universally in
all Lodge work throughout the world.
Amenhotep IV was born in the Royal Palace at Thebes, November 24th, 1378 B.C. His mother Tiy or Tia was of Aryan {Hittite} birth, but both he and his
father paid the most sincere respects to her and were ever proud of designating her Queen Tia upon all monuments.
Ie was only eleven years old in 1367 B.C. when he was crowned and immediately began a career unequaled by any pharaoh of Egypt.
His father, having been the Master of the Order for a number of years, built the great Temple of Luxor and dedicated it to the Brotherhood. He also added to the
Temple of Karnak and in many ways left "monuments of testimony and praise."
The Brotherhood numbered two hundred and eighty-three Fratres and sixty-two Sorores at this time, and at the time of the crowning of young Amenhotep IV,
the Master was one Thehopset who remained in the office until 1365 B.C.
Amenhotep's installation as Master-by-Council-Decree occurred in the Temple of Luxor, April 9th, 1365, at sunset, in the presence of his bride and her parents.
Amenhotep being the only descendant, it was deemed advisable that he marry as early as the customs then permitted in order that an heir to the throne would
be assured. But Amenhotep's children unfortunately were daughters, and this proved disastrous to the throne.
He was thoroughly instructed in the secret philosophy. So keen was his understanding that in his fifteenth year he composed many of the most beautiful
prayers, psalms, and chants used in the organization today, as well as contributing to the philosophy and sciences.
To him came the inspiration of overthrowing the worship of idols and substituting the religion and worship of one God, a supreme deity, whose spirit was in
Heaven and whose physical manifestation was the Sun - the Symbol of life. This was in accordance with the secret doctrines, and it changed the worship of the
Sun as a god to the worship of the God symbolized by the sun. This was the beginning of monotheism in Egypt and the origin of the worship of a spiritual
deity which "existed everywhere, in everything, but was nothing of the earth" i.e., had no physical existence on earth in the form of inanimate or nonspiritual
images.
Truly the religion of Amenhotep did not endure for long. Compared to the years of darkness, it was but a flash, for it ceased as a public and general re ligion
when Amenhotep passed beyond the veil in 1350 B. C.
He, too, left many monuments to the glory of the Brotherhood. First, he removed as far as possible all "pillars to Ammon" and all references to Ammon as a
god. So thorough was his work that he did not hesitate to mutilate the work done by his father, Karnak and Luxor, by effacing all reference to the god Ammon -
put there to appease the heathen priesthood - even to removing the name of his father and mother where they were connected with such idolatry. This naturally
provoked the populace especially since Amenhotep substituted beautifui monuments to the "living God."
In the fifth year of his reign - when he was only sixteen years of age - a sweeping reform was initiated throughout Egypt by his decree, which prohibited any
other form of worship except that already mentioned. In one of his decrees he wrote: "This is my oath of Truth which it is my desire to pronounce, and of
which I will not say: 'It is false,' eternally forever."
He then changed his own name so that it would not be inconsistent with his reform. Amenhotep meant "Ammon is satisfied"; this he altered to Akhnaton or
Ikhenaton meaning "pious to Aton" or "Glory to Aton."
He built a new capital at El Amarna (Akhetaton) in the plain of Hermopolis on a virgin site at the edge of the desert and abandoned Thebes because it was the
magnicent city of Ammon. At El Amarna he also built a large Temple for the Brotherhood, in "the form of a cross," and a large number of houses for his
Council. Here was the beginning of monastic life, for within the boundaries of El Amarna lived two hundred and ninety-six Fratres of the Order, each having
taken an oath never to pass "beyond the shadow of the Temple."
These Fratres wore special costumes which included a "cord at the loins" and a covering for the head, while the priest in the Temple wore a surplice of linen and
had his head shaved in a round spot on the top.
It is from this institution that all monastic orders, especially that of St. Francis, derive their methods, even their costumes.
During these years at El Amarna the Brotherhood was being made into a concrete organization, and the Fratres at this community outlined the initiations and
forms of service as used today.
Akhnaton (Amenhotep TY) not only built his Temple in the form of a cross, but he added the cross and the rose as symbols and further adopted the Crux
Ansata,* in a special coloring, as the symbol to be worn by all teachers (Masters). In fact, the last year of his life was spent in evolving a wonderful system of
symbols used to this day, to express every phase and meaning of the Rosicrucian sciences, arts, and philosophies, and while
some of these have become known to the uninitiated through the researches of Egyptologists, many remain secret and all are understandable only to the initiated.
July 24, 1350 B.C. he crossed over.
MORE ON SOLOMON
The Amu or Hyksos were driven out of their native land after a great plague, earthquake and flood.
Papyrus Ipuwer "A foreign tribe from abroad has come to the land."3:1; "What has happened? ... through it is the cause the Asiatics to know the condition of
the land." 15:1.
See: The ancient Arab author Macoudi, "L'Abrege des merveilles" and "Les Praires d'or", Vol. III, p.101; Kitab-Alaghaniy (trans. Fresnel), pp. 206ff.
Many perished during the migration in a sudden flood that swept the land of Arabia.
At the end of the 12th dynasty a migration of Seminite people called "Hyksos" settled down in the Eastern Delta of Egypt. The Hyksos took over the rule of
Egypt in the 17th century BC and during this period of time, there was peace and prosperity for Egypt. It is said that they respected the native religions,
maintained ancient Egyptian as the official language of the government, and allowed many Egyptians to serve in the high levels of the administration of the state.
They taught the Egyptians new military techniques and introduced the use of the horse and chariot, bronze weapons and composite bows.
They had their own gods but never imposed these on the indigenous people and the language in the administration continued to be Egyptian. They only one
domestic god they worshipped was - Set or Seth , who they identified with to their their own god of storms. The Hyksos retained their worship of Astarte
(the Phonecian mother-goddess) and Reshep (a Phoenician storm god). They seem to have adopted Egyptian manners, laws, and had trade relations with the
Minoans and Babylonians. At the same time, the Hyksos living in Egypt have been described as "Peculiarly Egyptian", but were great builders and artisans.
They were recognized by later Egyptians and listed as legitimate kings, but no tombs from these half a dozen rulers have been found and their personal names
were non-Egyptian.
The kings claimed themselves pharaohs with all the regalia and tradition attached to that title and the more than hundred years they ruled northern Egypt was
mainly a time of peace and prosperity.
Egypt would eventually benefit considerably from their experience of foreign rule, and it has been suggested that the Hyksos rule of Egypt was far less
damaging then later 18th Dynasty records would lead us to believe. It would make Egypt a stronger country, with a much more viable military. Until the
Hyksos rule , the history of Egypt and Asia were mostly isolated, while afterwards, they would be permanently entwined. The Hyksos brought more than
weapons to Egypt. It was due to the Hyksos that the hump backed Zebu cattle made their appearance in Egypt. Also, we find new vegetable and fruit crops
that were cultivated, along with improvements in pottery and linen arising from the introduction of improved potter's wheels and the vertical loom.
Perhaps one of the greatest contribution of the Hyksos was the preservation of famous Egyptian documents, both literary and scientific. During the reign of
Apophis, the fifth king of the “Great Hyksos,� scribes were commissioned to recopy Egyptian texts so they would not be lost. One such text was the
Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus. This unique text, dating from about 3000 BC, gives a clear perspective of the human body as studied by the Egyptians, with
details of specific clinical cases, examinations, and prognosis. The Westcar Papyrus preserved the only known version of an ancient Egyptian story that may
have otherwise been lost. Other restored documents include the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, the most important mathematical exposition ever found in
Egypt.
But it was the diffusion of innovations with more obvious military applications, such as bronze-working, which went far to compensate for the technological
backwardness of Middle Kingdom Egypt, and it was these advantages that eventually allowed the kingdom at Thebes to gain back control of the Two Lands.
Ancient documents tell of the Hyksos burning buildings and cities to the ground, but I question if one of the reasons for this wasn't for the fact that during the
period of the great migration the lands were suffering from a plague. The burning of these buildings may have been in an attempt to cleanse the area of the
plague. As reported, God had smited the land - could this have been a reference to the plage..and could not the Hyksos also have been affected as well by the
plague as the Egyptians?
No hostility seems to have been between the two parts until the last 20 years until a liberation war, initiated by Amhose I and completed by Thutmoses III,
finally wiped out the Hyksos dynasty.
MIDIANITES OF MOSES - HYKSOS OF EGYPTIANS
The Hyksos were surely the Biblical Midianites, i.e. Palestinians. According to the Bible, Moses took the daughter of their King as a wife.
The five Midianite kings of the five cities were - according to the Bible - destroyed by Moses for their allegiance with the Moabites.
These are the kings Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur and Reba and these are the Hyksos kings Scheschi, Apopi II, Apopi I, Chian and Jakobher on the Egyptian
hieroglyphs as the Hyksos Kings. The Pharaoh Anather is the same as Biblical Gideon.
The Hyksos were enemies of the Hittites who were Indo-European. The name of these peoples, Hy (KSOS), is perhaps retained in the later Russian and
Turkish term KAZAK equaling "COSSACK" who were definied as adventurers, raiders and/or, nomadic shepherds.
The HYKSOS were a tribe (or tribes) of nomadic and warlike shepherd peoples (the Kassites, Kaska, Amorites, Aramaeans, Midianites, Syrians, Palestinians)
who spread across Palestine due to the chaos caused by earthquakes and the explosion of Santorin. They took advantage of the so weakened peoples and
governments in the region, and even extended their influence into Egypt, until their expulsion, circa 1575 B.C. which coincides with their taking of Babylon at
about the same time.
AMORITES of the Bible may be the Aramaeans of the scholars - known in Sumerian and Akkadian texts as MAR.TU or AMURRU, who are the people of
MARI
The equation of Aramaean with Amorite is supported by Albright's thesis that Aramaic finds original traces in Mari texts, i.e., Amorite texts. The description
of the Amorites (Aramaeans) fits those of the Kassites. Amorite later becomes Aramaic, the lingua franca of the fertile crescent, and ARAMAIC becomes
ARABIC (through M>B shift. (The Aramaeans are today called Syrians and are related to the Palestinians).
The Aramaeans were known collectively as the KAL.DU or Chaldeans, and - here is the connection to the Kassites and Hyksos - KAL.DU is also written as
KAS.DU in Babylonian and as KASDIM in Hebrew. In Assyro-Babylonian texts KAS4 means "to vagabond, run freely about" so this again means
"shepherds". The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt has a good discussion of the Hyksos as Palestinians.
In the ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF THE ANCIENT WORLD , based on Astronomy and the Pharaonic Lists of Kings
The Midianites of Moses are the Hyksos of the Egyptian History and of the15th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
A review of the Egyptian hieroglyphs shows the following parallels of names.
* There are 5 known Hyksos Kings - and 5 Midianite Kings in the Bible - The Cartouches of the Kings are pictured and explained at Cartouche
15th Dynasty
Hyksos King Scheschi (Maaibre) is Midianite King EVI
Hyksos King Jakobher (Meruserre) is Midianite King REBA
Hyksos King Chian (Sueserenre) is Midianite King HUR
Hyksos King Apopi I (Auserre) is Midianite King ZUR
Hyksos King Apopi II (Aqenenre) is Midianite King REKEM
16th Dynasty
The "King" Anather is the Biblical Judge GIDEON (Jerubboseth) and his name points to his leadership in the founding of New Salem, i.e. New Jerusalem
see the cartouches.
In other words, Jerusalem was founded after the outbreak of the volcano Santorin on Thera which must have destroyed the old city.
The "King" Jakbam is Gideon´s son ABIMELECH (Jephtah).
There is no cartouche around the names because, as the Bible reports, Gideon refused kingship.
17th Dynasty in Thebes
The King SOBEKEMSAF II (Sechemre Schedtaui) is MOSES
The King ANTEF VII (Nubcheperre) is AARON (Aron Haberit)
The King TA´A I. is ELEASAR
The King TA´A II. is Seqenenre = NUN who was killed by the Philestines (Palestianians) who then took the ark.
The King Kamose is HO-PHNIS, identical to PINEHAS
18th Dynasty
The Pharaoh AHMOSE is JOSHUA
QUEEN HATSCHEPSUT is Biblical DEBORAH
THUTMOSIS is BARAK
(Barak is the perch of the Bird - Akkadian)
MOSES
According to Artapanus, Moses was born circa 1708 BC
At the age of 40, before Exodus, Moses first fled [ca. 1667 BC] from Egypt and sought refuge among the Midianites (2 Moses 2, 15) who - on the basis of
Egyptian Hieroglyphs - were none other than the Hyksos, which the British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt describes as follows (p. 136):
HYKSOS: "...a Palestinian group...who migrated into Egypt during the late Middle Kingdom (c. 1800-1650 BC) and rose to power in Lower Egypt during the
Second Intermediate Period (1650-1550 BC)."
MIDIANITES (also called ISHMAELITES, Enc. Brit.):
The Lion Handbook of the Bible notes that the Midianites "were descendants of Abraham through his second wife, Keturah."
(1 Moses 25,2 and 1 Chronicles 1,32) Abraham had sent all the sons of Keturah into the desert. As noted in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, "they engaged in
pastoral pursuits, caravan trading and banditry... Jethro, priest-leader of the Midianite subtribe the Kenites, and his daughter Zipporah (a wife of Moses),
influenced early Hebrew thought: it was Yahweh, the lord of the Midianites, who was revealed to Moses as the God of the Hebrews."
MOSES AND THE MIDIANITES
Moses took Zipporah as his wife and the priest Jethro became his father-in-law. In spite of this, because of the alliance of the Kenites with the Moabites in the
days of Exodus, Moses ordered his people to handle the Midianites as enemies because of ther idolatry (4 Moses 22, 4-7, 5 Moses 16-18) and indeed their five
kings Evi, Rekem, Zur Hur and Reba (5 Moses 8) and all their cities were burned to the ground (5 Moses 10).
Tell el-Daba (Auris) As noted in the Chronicle of the Pharaohs by Peter A. Clayton, newest excavations clearly indicate that the cities in the northeastern Nile
Delta were completely destroyed at the end of the Hyksos period.
The Hapiru were Arabs
The period of Kassite (Amorite) rule is a dark age in the fertile crescent, during which the Amorite language became dominant in Syria and Palestine - and is
retained down to this day as Arabic. These Amorites are surely the Habiru or Hapiru of history (the "correct" transcription is ha-ru-bi or ha-ru-pi i.e. "the
shepherd people" or ARABs). Indeed, as noted in the Lion Handbook to the Bible "during most of the 1st millennium BC (by current chronology), the
Arabians appear mainly as raiders
BIBLICAL JOSEPH
In the story of Joseph, there was a famine in Canaan which forced a small wandering band of seventy Hebrews, or "Habirus", under the leadership of Joseph,
to settled near the mouth of the Nile River. They were welcomed by their cousins, the Hykos, and Joseph was accepted into their royal court.
Yuya-Joseph
(Yu-ya - Alalu-Ea)
Biblical Joseph - Egyptian Prime Minister during 1400 BC
Married to Thuya
Egyptian and King Ben-Hadad I
Father of Tiy. Yuya's blonde hair and Caucasian facial struture have been well preserved by the embalming process.
Yuya bore the prestigious title of "Father of God [Pharaoh]"meaning pharaoh's 'father-in-law'.
Was priest of both Hermonthis and Amon during his career.
The name "Yu-ya" is essentially identical with the name of God given to Moses from the burning bush
The first Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty and the Rise of the God AMUN
AhmoseI
The first king of the New Kingdom, Ahmose came from a line of Theban rulers (17th Dynasty) who were campaigning against the rulers of Egypt  the
Hyksos. Following the death of his brother, Kamose Ahmose then became head of the Theban royal line and took up the challenge to rid Egypt of the hated
foreigners. Ahmose was son of Seqenenre-Tao II and Queen Ahhotep. It is thought that when he first inherited his family throne, Ahmose was roughly ten
years old, at this point his mother, Ahhotep became co-regent with him until he reached 16 and became king in his own right. Expulsion of the Hyksos in Year
16 of his reign.
Ahmose I slowly drove the Hyksos back to their capital Avaris (location on one of the eastern branches of the Nile in Lower Egypt), once here Ahmose laid
siege to the city. Ahmose had troubles of his own with his kingdom, he left the siege of Avaris in the control of his military commanders so that he was free to
placate a rebellion in the Theban region. When Ahmose returned to Avaris he found that negotiations had been taking place between the Hyksos and his military
commanders  the Hyksos were allowed to leave Egypt gracefully in return for surrendering the city .
Ahmose also honoured his god for the many victories Ahmose had won - he edowed the temple of his capital city with many gifts, this act was to set a
precedent for future kings of Egypt, one which begin the rise of Amun over all other gods of Egypt
AhmoseI conducted 'the great mysteries' classes in his private chambers and thought to have reigned 1580 B.C. to 1557 B.C. Because he was capable of
conducting the great school as well as ruling the people with more civilized and advanced principles , he is referred to as the "deliverer of Egypt" by some
historians.
He was succeeded as Pharaoh by Amenhotep I, who became a teacher in the secret mystery school for three years
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Under his rule he permitted the populace to indulge in all its fanciful beliefs and religions. He believed that a gradual development in the existing mystical beliefs
could be more easily and permanently accomplished by establishing a secret school of philosophy, the students of which would put into practice the high
standards selected.
As in all ages there were those who might be called advanced thinkers, true philosophers, sages, and scholars. Many of these were students of the mystical
doctrines as taught by Thutmose's predecessors, and they evidently had great faith in the final success of the principles; for when Thutmose proposed that the
"class" which had been meeting in his chambers become a closed and secret order, "there was no dissenting voice, and articles of limitations were established ere
the assembly dispersed in the early hours of dawn."
This grand "Council Meeting," for such it is considered in all official records of the Order, occurred during what would be the week of March 28th to April 4th
of 1489 B. C., according to our present calendar.
Twelve known Fratres and Sorores were present at this first Supreme Council. The Sorores were the wife of Thutmose III, known in the Order as Mene; the
wife of one of the Fratres; and another who was a descendant of one of the rulers of a preceding dynasty. Therefore, there were nine Fratres and three Sorores at
this Council, a combination of numbers very significant.
No worldly name was decided upon for the Brotherhood, the records showing that the predominating thought was the maintenance of secrecy.
The organization had no publicity; it required no propaganda other than personal advice to those whose presence was desired, and as the one word, translated
into Brotherhood (a secret, fraternal body), was sufficient name for all purposes.
Though the Order had no definite name, Thutmose saw that it had very definite principles, rules, and modes of procedure, all of which have come down today
without material change.
At the close of his reign in 1447 there were thirty nine Fratres and Sorores in the Council, and the meetings, which had become regular and systematic, were held
in a hall of the Temple at Karnak, outside of which Thutmose III erected two obelisks bearing a record of his achievements.
Thutmose signed most of the decrees of the Council with his own cartouche and it became the Seal of the Order "in testimony of the great work of our teacher
(Master) to be forever a mark of honor and loyalty." As was customary with these rulers when any event of national importance occurred, Thutmose issued a
scarab bearing his cartouche on one side, plus a mark which has a special meaning to all mystics. One original scarab, which was used for hundreds of years in
Egypt by various officials to impress the Seal of the mystic fraternity in wax on all official documents, was given to the Grand Lodge of America with other
jewels and papers of an official nature. It is considered one of the rarest antiquities of Egypt now in this country. if not the most
sacred, of all mystic jewels, one which has never been used by other than the Masters in Egypt.
It means virtually the passing of the Master's Spirit from Egypt to America, as was planned by the founders centuries ago.
In this connection it may be explained that the Obelisk is now in Central Park New York City - It is one of the two that was erected in Egypt by Thutmose III
and had intended to stand some day in "the country where the Eagle spreads its wings" -
Before his death, he left his son AmenhoptepII) as co-regent . After his death at the age of 89 AmenhoptepII took up his father's work in the Brotherhood
about the end of September, 1448 B.C. and ruled until around 1420 B.C.
AmenhoptepII was known as a conquering warrior pharoah. Amenhotep was faced with a major rebellion in Syria by the vassal state of Naharin in his Year 3
almost immediately after the death of his father and dispatched his Army to the Levant to suppress it.
Amenhotep also embarked on his second and third Syrian campaigns in Year 7 and 9 of his reign. Both rebellions were caused by a revolt in the Syrian regions
of the Egyptian Empire, which was likely instigated by Egypt's chief Near Eastern rival, Mitanni. The Year 9 battle occurred on the heights of Niy and resulted
in Egypt's loss of control over the entire area between the rivers Orontes and Euphrates despite the recorded Egyptian pillaging in Retenu and the capture of
3,600 Apiru prisoners-of-war. After this campaign, no further conflicts developed between Mitanni and Egypt, and an informal peace was maintained between
Amenhotep and the king of Mitanni. Thereafter, Amenhotep concentrated on domestic matters but maintained Egypt's imperial control over Canaan and
Egypt's overall prosperity.
Amenhotep was not solely a warrior, but also a diplomat who established cordial relations with Babylonians and Hittites in exchange for acknowledging
Egyptian hegemony of the region. With peace secured, Amenhotep set about initiating various building projects. He commissioned a column to stand in the
courtyard between the fourth and fifth pylons in the Temple of Karnak commemorating the agreement between him, Artatama I and other Mitanni leaders. He
also built a temple to Horemakhet near the Great Sphinx at Giza and expanded the Temple of Karnak. Amenhotep also ordered the decoration of the Temple at
Kalabsha and continued Thutmose III's construction projects at Amada in Nubia.
Amenhotep did not record the names of his queens; some Egyptologists theorise that he felt that women had become too powerful under titles such as God's
Wife of Amun. They point to the fact that he participated in his father's removal of Hatshepsut's name from her monument and the destruction of her image.
Amenhotep II was succeeded his son Thutmose IV,
who ruled from 1420 to 1411 B.C
Tuthmosis IV and His Mother, Tiaa'
Fought against King David.
"Soon Thutmose IV sent out a large force to fight against king David in the valley of the Giants. This was made up from the armies of the alliance and troops
from Egypt as well. However, David's army caught them by surprise and defeated Thutmose IV's force and drove them all the way back to Egypt's boundary
south of Gaza.
Amenhotep III, King David , son of the preceding, occupied the throne from 1411 to 1375 B.C. and was the last of the truly powerful pharaohs or emperors.
Amenhotep III's birth is splendidly depicted in a series of reliefs inside a room on the east side of the temple of Luxor. Built by Amenhotep III, the room was
dedicated to Amun. However, it portrays the creator god, Khnum of Elephantine (at modern Aswan) with his ram head, fashioning the child and his ka on a
potter's wheel under the supervision of the goddess Isis. The god Amun is then led to Amenhotep III's mother by Thoth, god of wisdom, after which Amun is
shown in the presence of the goddesses Hathor and Mut while they nurse the future king
Upon the transition of Amenhotep III the Empire fell to his son Amenhotep IV, Solomon with whose history all Rosicrucians are greatly concerned.
He was the last Great Master in the family of the founders and the one to whom we owe the really wonderful philosophies and writings used so universally in
all Lodge work throughout the world.
Amenhotep IV was born in the Royal Palace at Thebes, November 24th, 1378 B.C. His mother Tiy or Tia was of Aryan {Hittite} birth, but both he and his
father paid the most sincere respects to her and were ever proud of designating her Queen Tia upon all monuments.
Ie was only eleven years old in 1367 B.C. when he was crowned and immediately began a career unequaled by any pharaoh of Egypt.
His father, having been the Master of the Order for a number of years, built the great Temple of Luxor and dedicated it to the Brotherhood. He also added to the
Temple of Karnak and in many ways left "monuments of testimony and praise."
The Brotherhood numbered two hundred and eighty-three Fratres and sixty-two Sorores at this time, and at the time of the crowning of young Amenhotep IV,
the Master was one Thehopset who remained in the office until 1365 B.C.
Amenhotep's installation as Master-by-Council-Decree occurred in the Temple of Luxor, April 9th, 1365, at sunset, in the presence of his bride and her parents.
Amenhotep being the only descendant, it was deemed advisable that he marry as early as the customs then permitted in order that an heir to the throne would
be assured. But Amenhotep's children unfortunately were daughters, and this proved disastrous to the throne.
He was thoroughly instructed in the secret philosophy. So keen was his understanding that in his fifteenth year he composed many of the most beautiful
prayers, psalms, and chants used in the organization today, as well as contributing to the philosophy and sciences.
To him came the inspiration of overthrowing the worship of idols and substituting the religion and worship of one God, a supreme deity, whose spirit was in
Heaven and whose physical manifestation was the Sun - the Symbol of life. This was in accordance with the secret doctrines, and it changed the worship of the
Sun as a god to the worship of the God symbolized by the sun. This was the beginning of monotheism in Egypt and the origin of the worship of a spiritual
deity which "existed everywhere, in everything, but was nothing of the earth" i.e., had no physical existence on earth in the form of inanimate or nonspiritual
images.
Truly the religion of Amenhotep did not endure for long. Compared to the years of darkness, it was but a flash, for it ceased as a public and general re ligion
when Amenhotep passed beyond the veil in 1350 B. C.
He, too, left many monuments to the glory of the Brotherhood. First, he removed as far as possible all "pillars to Ammon" and all references to Ammon as a
god. So thorough was his work that he did not hesitate to mutilate the work done by his father, Karnak and Luxor, by effacing all reference to the god Ammon -
put there to appease the heathen priesthood - even to removing the name of his father and mother where they were connected with such idolatry. This naturally
provoked the populace especially since Amenhotep substituted beautifui monuments to the "living God."
In the fifth year of his reign - when he was only sixteen years of age - a sweeping reform was initiated throughout Egypt by his decree, which prohibited any
other form of worship except that already mentioned. In one of his decrees he wrote: "This is my oath of Truth which it is my desire to pronounce, and of
which I will not say: 'It is false,' eternally forever."
He then changed his own name so that it would not be inconsistent with his reform. Amenhotep meant "Ammon is satisfied"; this he altered to Akhnaton or
Ikhenaton meaning "pious to Aton" or "Glory to Aton."
He built a new capital at El Amarna (Akhetaton) in the plain of Hermopolis on a virgin site at the edge of the desert and abandoned Thebes because it was the
magnicent city of Ammon. At El Amarna he also built a large Temple for the Brotherhood, in "the form of a cross," and a large number of houses for his
Council. Here was the beginning of monastic life, for within the boundaries of El Amarna lived two hundred and ninety-six Fratres of the Order, each having
taken an oath never to pass "beyond the shadow of the Temple."
These Fratres wore special costumes which included a "cord at the loins" and a covering for the head, while the priest in the Temple wore a surplice of linen and
had his head shaved in a round spot on the top.
It is from this institution that all monastic orders, especially that of St. Francis, derive their methods, even their costumes.
During these years at El Amarna the Brotherhood was being made into a concrete organization, and the Fratres at this community outlined the initiations and
forms of service as used today.
Akhnaton (Amenhotep TY) not only built his Temple in the form of a cross, but he added the cross and the rose as symbols and further adopted the Crux
Ansata,* in a special coloring, as the symbol to be worn by all teachers (Masters). In fact, the last year of his life was spent in evolving a wonderful system of
symbols used to this day, to express every phase and meaning of the Rosicrucian sciences, arts, and philosophies, and while
some of these have become known to the uninitiated through the researches of Egyptologists, many remain secret and all are understandable only to the initiated.
July 24, 1350 B.C. he crossed over.
MORE ON SOLOMON
| The first king of the 18th Dynasty, Ahmose I. Had Not Been Circumcised Different process of emblaming IOriginally buried near the burials of his 17'th Dynasty ancestors Married full sister |
| Old Hyksos Language Old Hyksos is the native language of the dragon population of Lamutria, Heraldinia and the Mist Countries. It is also the language used by mages to build their spells. The language has a small vocabulary, a mere twenty-four words. There are three suffixes that change the meaning of those twenty-four words. In addition, negation of a word often produces a distinct meaning. For instance, while cepra means 'animal', ne cepra means 'plant.' As Old Hyksos is used by mages, the lexicon is graded. There are fifteen degrees, ranging from the third pupil who knows a handful of words to the first archmage who knows all and can build permanent pentangles, the Old Hyksos equivalent of poetry. The appropriate level is indicated in the - alphabetic - lexicon. |
| The hieroglyph , read from right to left reads M-S ZVAIGZ-nes [Zvaigznes ="stars"] which is Moshe, "Star Priest" [of Thebes]* |
| Bust of Moses and His Hieroglpyhic Name |
| Today, the "Statue" of Moses above - in black diorite - is in the Museum of Art History in Vienna but the base and feet are in the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. It is the statue of a man whose hieroglyphic name is transcribed - erroneously - by Egyptologists as Sobek-em-s-af. This is Sechemre Schedtaui - also erroneously transcribed , the 1st King of Thebes of the 17th Dynasty, a reign dated by current chronology to ca. 1650-1600 B.C. |