The MISSISSIPPI and OHIO BASIN
In this village there is an Indian woman of great authority and following whom they call... 'great lady.' Her house is very
large and has many rooms. The rest of the nation brings presents and gifts to her. She has many Indian men and women in
her service and these are like priests and captains among them. -- Spanish traveller Solis, 1767
The Ancient countries of the region lie between southern Appalachia and Arkansas. Here is found mounds, temples,
inscribed tablets, sculpture, sacred pipes and shell ornaments. This is the home of the ancient temple and mound
builders, the Etowah, Adena and Cahokia.
This area is also the link to my Native American heritage, the Cherokee , through the NANCY WARD line , the last
of the GHIGUA.
The Cherokee were a matriarch society, where the women were equal to the men. Clan kinship followed the mother's
side of the family. The children grew up in the mother's house, and it was the duty of an uncle on the mother's side to
teach the boys how to hunt, fish, and perform certain tribal duties. The women owned the houses and their furnishings.
Marriages were carefully negotiated, but if a woman decided to divorce her spouse, she simply placed his belongings
outside the house.
Nancy Ward, or Nan'yehi (nan yay hee), is the most famous of the Cherokee "Beloved Woman" . The role of
Beloved Woman,Ghigau (Ghee gah oo), was the highest a Cherokee woman could aspire to. A Ghigau had a voice
and vote in General Council, leadership of the Woman's Council, the honor of preparing and serving the ceremonial
Black Drink, the duty of ambassador of peace-negotiator, and the right to save the life of a prisoner already
condemned to execution.
The title Ghigau also translates to 'War Woman," and Nan'yehi earned this while leading her people to victory during a
battle against the Creeks, after her husband was mortally wounded.
It was important to the Cherokee that their losses be compensated with the same number of prisoners or lives.
Woman led in the execution of prisoners. It was their right and responsibility as mothers. Women had the right to claim
prisoners as slaves, adopt them as kin, or condemn them to death "with the wave of a swan's wing."
In the Cherokee society , your Clan was your family. Children belonged to the entire Clan, and when orphaned were
simply taken into a different household. Marriages were often short term, and there was no punishment for divorce or
adultery. Cherokee women were free to marry traders, surveyors, and soldiers, as well as their own tribesmen.
Cherokee girls learned by example how to be warriors and healers.
In her role as Beloved Woman, Nanyehi performed such duties as sitting in General Council (where she had full voice
and vote), heading the Women's Council, preparing the Black Drink for the Green Corn (busk) ceremony, and acting
as a negotiator in treaty parlays. It is noted that in meeting with John Sevier to strike peace terms wit the Americans
(Little Pigeon River, Tennessee, 1781), she was appalled that he had no women negotiators. He was equally appalled
that she was trusted with such an important task. It has been recorded that she admonished him to return to his people
and explain the terms to the women, saying, "Let your women hear our words."
As a Beloved Woman, Nancy Ward also had the right to save a captive already condemned to death. In 1780 she
saved the life of Mrs. Bean, a white woman captive about to be immolated. Ward nursed her back to health and then
set her free.
She participated in several treaty negotiations and even spoke at the Treaty of Hopewell in 1785 where she spoke
about her hopes for a continued peace.
Enormous changes took place during her lifetime as the Indians adopted the commercial agricultural lifestyle of the
nearby settlers and pressed for a republican form of government. Unlike the old system of clan and tribal loyalty, the
new Cherokee government provided no place for a "Beloved Woman."
The Hiwassee Purchase of 1819 forced Ward to abandon Chota. She moved south and settled on the Ocoee River
near present-day Benton. There she operated an inn on the Federal Road until her death in 1822.
Many honors have been bestowed in her name since her death. Among these, the Nashville, Tennessee, chapter of the
Daughters of the American Revolution is named for her.
Nancy Ward was born in 1738 at Chota , the sacred "Mother Town" of the Cherokees,and was given the name
Nanye-hi which means "one who goes about." The name of her father is not known, reason that the Cherokee
society was matrilineal and lineage was only tracked through the female line. . Nanye-hi's mother was Tame Doe, of
the Wolf Clan and was the sister of Attakullakulla, civil chief of the Cherokee Nation.
Nanyehi was baptized in July 13, 1940, and endowed November 12, 1940 into the Salt Lake Temple. Of interest to
me was the July 13th date,- the reason being that my 'birthdate' was also July 13th.
Nanyehi had three children. Two by her first who was full blooded Cherokee and one by her second husband who
was white.
According to noted President of the Nancy Ward Society , Cherokee Author and descendant of Nancy Ward, David
Hampton
Her second husband was Bryan (Bryant) WARD. The two had a daughter before Bryant returned to South Carolina
to live with his white family. Their daughter was born in 1759 at the Cherokee Nation , now Tennessee, and given
the name Elizabeth WARD.
Elizabeth Ward later went on to marry and have children by Joseph MARTIN who was the son of Joseph Martin
and Susannah CHILDS (Chiles). It was through the Childs/Nanyehi blood that I inherited the Nanyehi
lineage.
As the story goes, General Joseph Martin, from Virginia, was appointed Indian Agent to the Cherokees. Having much
in common with Bryant Ward, they became close friends. On one of his trips into Upper South Carolina he met
Nancy Ward and her daughter Elizabeth Ward. He was entranced by the beauty of this daughter of his friend, Bryant
Ward, and asked for and was granted her hand in marriage.
He and his bride bought land adjacent to Bryant when they settled on the west branch of the Toogaloo River in an
area that later became old Franlkin County in northeast Georgia.
Not much is known about the history but I was able to find the following reference to hard times during 1782 From
an excerpt of Draper's Manuscript:
"Things were so bad in the Overhill settlement that in the fall of 1782 Joseph Martin took Nancy Ward and
Oconostota back to Long Island [of Holston] to spend the winter. Scarcity of food and respect for Nancy, as well as
friendhip for the Old Chief who was now almost blind, were sufficient reasons. Draper's Manuscript records this quote
from William Martin, son of Joseph: 'I am of the opinion that Oconostota was one of the noblest and best of
humankind. He had a powerful frame, and in his prime must have weighed more than two hundred pounds, with a
head of enormous size. He was, when I saw him, very lean, stooped, and emaciated.'"
"These two Cherokee greats, Nancy Ward and Oconostota, spent the winter of 1782-1783 in Joseph Martin's Long
Island [of Holston] home, where Nancy's daughter, Betsy, was able to care for their needs. With the coming of spring,
Oconostota asked Martin to take him home. The Old Chief must have felt that his end was near, and he wanted to
spend his last days at Chota. Martin realized that the ailing Chief would be unable to make the trip on horseback, so
he arranged to take the party down river by boat. Sometime later, when the veteran Chief breathed his last breath,
Martin buried the Old Chief with Christian rites, using a dugout canoe for a coffin."
CONTINUED ON FOLLOWING PAGE
THE ANCIENT RACE DISCOVERED
In this village there is an Indian woman of great authority and following whom they call... 'great lady.' Her house is very
large and has many rooms. The rest of the nation brings presents and gifts to her. She has many Indian men and women in
her service and these are like priests and captains among them. -- Spanish traveller Solis, 1767
The Ancient countries of the region lie between southern Appalachia and Arkansas. Here is found mounds, temples,
inscribed tablets, sculpture, sacred pipes and shell ornaments. This is the home of the ancient temple and mound
builders, the Etowah, Adena and Cahokia.
This area is also the link to my Native American heritage, the Cherokee , through the NANCY WARD line , the last
of the GHIGUA.
The Cherokee were a matriarch society, where the women were equal to the men. Clan kinship followed the mother's
side of the family. The children grew up in the mother's house, and it was the duty of an uncle on the mother's side to
teach the boys how to hunt, fish, and perform certain tribal duties. The women owned the houses and their furnishings.
Marriages were carefully negotiated, but if a woman decided to divorce her spouse, she simply placed his belongings
outside the house.
Nancy Ward, or Nan'yehi (nan yay hee), is the most famous of the Cherokee "Beloved Woman" . The role of
Beloved Woman,Ghigau (Ghee gah oo), was the highest a Cherokee woman could aspire to. A Ghigau had a voice
and vote in General Council, leadership of the Woman's Council, the honor of preparing and serving the ceremonial
Black Drink, the duty of ambassador of peace-negotiator, and the right to save the life of a prisoner already
condemned to execution.
The title Ghigau also translates to 'War Woman," and Nan'yehi earned this while leading her people to victory during a
battle against the Creeks, after her husband was mortally wounded.
It was important to the Cherokee that their losses be compensated with the same number of prisoners or lives.
Woman led in the execution of prisoners. It was their right and responsibility as mothers. Women had the right to claim
prisoners as slaves, adopt them as kin, or condemn them to death "with the wave of a swan's wing."
In the Cherokee society , your Clan was your family. Children belonged to the entire Clan, and when orphaned were
simply taken into a different household. Marriages were often short term, and there was no punishment for divorce or
adultery. Cherokee women were free to marry traders, surveyors, and soldiers, as well as their own tribesmen.
Cherokee girls learned by example how to be warriors and healers.
In her role as Beloved Woman, Nanyehi performed such duties as sitting in General Council (where she had full voice
and vote), heading the Women's Council, preparing the Black Drink for the Green Corn (busk) ceremony, and acting
as a negotiator in treaty parlays. It is noted that in meeting with John Sevier to strike peace terms wit the Americans
(Little Pigeon River, Tennessee, 1781), she was appalled that he had no women negotiators. He was equally appalled
that she was trusted with such an important task. It has been recorded that she admonished him to return to his people
and explain the terms to the women, saying, "Let your women hear our words."
As a Beloved Woman, Nancy Ward also had the right to save a captive already condemned to death. In 1780 she
saved the life of Mrs. Bean, a white woman captive about to be immolated. Ward nursed her back to health and then
set her free.
She participated in several treaty negotiations and even spoke at the Treaty of Hopewell in 1785 where she spoke
about her hopes for a continued peace.
Enormous changes took place during her lifetime as the Indians adopted the commercial agricultural lifestyle of the
nearby settlers and pressed for a republican form of government. Unlike the old system of clan and tribal loyalty, the
new Cherokee government provided no place for a "Beloved Woman."
The Hiwassee Purchase of 1819 forced Ward to abandon Chota. She moved south and settled on the Ocoee River
near present-day Benton. There she operated an inn on the Federal Road until her death in 1822.
Many honors have been bestowed in her name since her death. Among these, the Nashville, Tennessee, chapter of the
Daughters of the American Revolution is named for her.
Nancy Ward was born in 1738 at Chota , the sacred "Mother Town" of the Cherokees,and was given the name
Nanye-hi which means "one who goes about." The name of her father is not known, reason that the Cherokee
society was matrilineal and lineage was only tracked through the female line. . Nanye-hi's mother was Tame Doe, of
the Wolf Clan and was the sister of Attakullakulla, civil chief of the Cherokee Nation.
Nanyehi was baptized in July 13, 1940, and endowed November 12, 1940 into the Salt Lake Temple. Of interest to
me was the July 13th date,- the reason being that my 'birthdate' was also July 13th.
Nanyehi had three children. Two by her first who was full blooded Cherokee and one by her second husband who
was white.
According to noted President of the Nancy Ward Society , Cherokee Author and descendant of Nancy Ward, David
Hampton
Her second husband was Bryan (Bryant) WARD. The two had a daughter before Bryant returned to South Carolina
to live with his white family. Their daughter was born in 1759 at the Cherokee Nation , now Tennessee, and given
the name Elizabeth WARD.
Elizabeth Ward later went on to marry and have children by Joseph MARTIN who was the son of Joseph Martin
and Susannah CHILDS (Chiles). It was through the Childs/Nanyehi blood that I inherited the Nanyehi
lineage.
As the story goes, General Joseph Martin, from Virginia, was appointed Indian Agent to the Cherokees. Having much
in common with Bryant Ward, they became close friends. On one of his trips into Upper South Carolina he met
Nancy Ward and her daughter Elizabeth Ward. He was entranced by the beauty of this daughter of his friend, Bryant
Ward, and asked for and was granted her hand in marriage.
He and his bride bought land adjacent to Bryant when they settled on the west branch of the Toogaloo River in an
area that later became old Franlkin County in northeast Georgia.
Not much is known about the history but I was able to find the following reference to hard times during 1782 From
an excerpt of Draper's Manuscript:
"Things were so bad in the Overhill settlement that in the fall of 1782 Joseph Martin took Nancy Ward and
Oconostota back to Long Island [of Holston] to spend the winter. Scarcity of food and respect for Nancy, as well as
friendhip for the Old Chief who was now almost blind, were sufficient reasons. Draper's Manuscript records this quote
from William Martin, son of Joseph: 'I am of the opinion that Oconostota was one of the noblest and best of
humankind. He had a powerful frame, and in his prime must have weighed more than two hundred pounds, with a
head of enormous size. He was, when I saw him, very lean, stooped, and emaciated.'"
"These two Cherokee greats, Nancy Ward and Oconostota, spent the winter of 1782-1783 in Joseph Martin's Long
Island [of Holston] home, where Nancy's daughter, Betsy, was able to care for their needs. With the coming of spring,
Oconostota asked Martin to take him home. The Old Chief must have felt that his end was near, and he wanted to
spend his last days at Chota. Martin realized that the ailing Chief would be unable to make the trip on horseback, so
he arranged to take the party down river by boat. Sometime later, when the veteran Chief breathed his last breath,
Martin buried the Old Chief with Christian rites, using a dugout canoe for a coffin."
CONTINUED ON FOLLOWING PAGE
THE ANCIENT RACE DISCOVERED
| Nanyehi - Nancy Ward - The last of the Ghigua My Cherokee (Nanyehi) Lineage by Mary Sutherland Copyright 2006 |
| The Nvnehi The Nvnehiâ (Spirit Warriors) are very seldom spoken of, but are well known of by the Cherokee Peoples. Roughly translated Nvnehi means "people who live anywhere". They were believed to be of an immortal spiritual race and lived throughout the Cherokee lands - from high on top of the mountains, where trees don't grow, to below the mounds in the earth " The Nvnehi have been described to have the same physical characteristics of ordinary people. Most were always kind and generously good hearted, but never considered ghosts or evil spirits , nor have they been related to as gods in the Cherokee world. According to Cherokee Legend, the Nvnehi were a tribe of people who were known to live together in townhouses. They were usually unseen by human eyes, but when seen, no obvious difference could be told. At least, not until they disappeared right before your eyes Click Here for More on the Nvnehi Spirit Warriors Another link on the Nvnehi Click Here for this Ancient Race that I believe the Cherokee may be referring to. |