The Adena Mound-builders was born from the Canaanite/Berber Cultures (Red Ochre
Traditions) whose ancestors have been claimed to be the first to have mined the copper from the Lake Superior
Regions. These would have been the one's that Joshua expelled from the Lands of Israel and drove into the Lands of
Africa.
"Political leadership in Adena," writes Madison, "was probably provided by Berbers from Africa."
Mound-building was an important art in both their Megalithic and Beaker phases." In both North Africa and Western
Europe the Berbers buried their dead in stone tombs which were then enclosed in large earthen mounds. Across the
Atlantic in North America this Berber custom was continued -- many mound-builder tombs are EXACTLY the same
layout, a rock tomb covered in an earthen mound (Radin, The Winnebago Tribe,)
Copper ingots of IDENTICAL "ox-hide" shape have been found on both sides of the Atlantic, proving that around 200 B.
C. there was a revival of the regular Atlantic trade between the Mediterranean and North America. This involved copper
from Wisconsin, set down the Mississippi River and out to Europe. Bruce J. Trigger reveals that there were also
Adena sites in Maryland -- suggesting traffic up the Potomac and Monongahela Rivers from the Atlantic into the
American interior (Handbook of North American Indians, p. 29).
MORMONS IDENTIFY MOUND BUILDERS WITH THE NEPHITES AND LAMANITES
Elder Charles B. Thompson was one of the first Mormon writers to identify the "mound-builders" with the Nephites
whose story is told in the Book of Mormon. According to the Book of Mormons, there were two races here ages ago.
One was the Nephites and the other were the Lamanites. The Nephites were a white skinned, red haired , civilized,
industrious people... whereas the Lamanites were an idle, savage, and vicious people delighting in war and
bloodshed... The order was given by God to wipe the Nephites off the face of the earth, along with all record of their
existence. (Deut.) In some battles thousands were slain who were piled up in heaps upon the face of the land and
then earth thrown upon them. This accounts for the numerous mounds and tumuli found in this country.
Josiah Priest, American Antiquities, was one of the first to give full documented accounts of this lost race, based on
abundance of proof from recent discoveries. History informs this nation of Nephites were brought down and
destroyed by the Lamanites... God stirred up the Lamanites to camp against them round about, and to raise forts
against them with a mount, and thus they were brought down. (Deut.) After Priest completed his report, most of his
books and documents concerning this were destroyed.
The wars of the Jaredites (Nephites) and the Lamanites
Mormons Take Sacred Tablets Claiming them as their Own.
According to the Book of Mormons, after the Genesis Flood , during the time of 'The Tower of Babel, a group sailed
from the Region of the Tower of Babel to North America . This group of peoples were the Jaredites. According to the
Morman Book of Ester, a group of people called the Jaredites fled the Tower of Babel at least 3000 years before
Christ. Because they were a righteous people the LORD did not confound their language, and a Prophet led them
called "The Brother of Jared" (his actual name was Mahonri Moriancumr). All of the Jaredite names are Hamitic; the
descendants of Ham were black and are, most likely, who we know today as the OLMECS.
"In the year 1883 B.C. an invasion of Spain took place from the confines of North Africa. Having become a civilized land
and wealthy due to changes in climate and the presence of many producing gold mines, Spain aroused the greed of
Egypt and other North African nations.
A king by the name of GERION or DEABUS, with a large army and many ships, conquered Spain and forced the
inhabitants to dig gold for their new African overlords. Many Spanish slaves died from overwork under this tyranny"
After Osiris slew Gerion in 1849 B.C, a part of his people (giants) sailed to North America. A tradition found among the
Toltec of Mexico and preserved by Ixtlilxochitl declares there once were giants in their land and preserved by Toltec
historians, it . Even the date of the arrival of these giants has been preserved by the Toltec historians as 520 years
after the flood.
The First Battle of Cummorah
By 600 BC the Jaredites had divided into two warring camps.. Their armies fought on the Hill Ramah (which is also
the Hill Cummorah and which is located in Western New York State). A man named Ether "hides " the records of his
people (gold plates).
The Second Battle of Cummorah and the Nephites
Mosiah 5:65 mentions a Nephite search party had come across ruins of an earlier civilization (Jaredite). To prove this
find they brought back 24 gold plates and some armor and weapons. The breastplates are described as large.
About 100 BC, a group of Nephites (called the Lamanites (Limhites) who had broken away from the main body of
Nephites migrate to the area near the Hill Cummorah. They find the gold plates of the Jaredites. Later they are
reunited with the main body of Nephites and add the Jaredite plates to the main body of plates
A thousand years after the Jaredite battle on the Hill Ramah, the Nephites and Lamanites battle their way Northward
until they arrive at the same hill (now called Cummorah). They also fight to the last Nephite warrior. After the Final
Battle, a man named Moroni buries the gold plate records of his people in the hill. Fourteen hundred years later the
Mormons allege he returns as the Angel Moroni and leads Joseph Smith to the plates (1823)
Nothing is mentioned more prominently in the Jaredite records than the Hill Shim where their great battle of
destruction took place. This being so, the records were probably found in or near the Hill Shim (or Cum) which gave
the Nephites an apposite warning of their own future should they disobey the commandments of God, as well as a
place name to tinker with and transform into their own tongue. It may also have given Ammaron the idea to hide his
own records in the same hill, where Mormon recovered them years later.. The same association of name and place
similarly seems to have given Mormon's son Moroni the idea to hide the records, with his additions, in another hill
some twenty-three hundred miles to the north following his own lost battles.
Nothing is more common in the study of languages than the observation of interchange and "drift" of vowels and
consonants. Ramah is obviously an earlier form of Cumorah, "ramah = mora". And it is suspected that Cu was a
Nephite addition, being probably equivalent to whatever was particularly striking about the hill to the Nephites. Cu-
morah is therefore probably an iterative of the same description of the hill in two separate languages.
Most Book of Mormon scholars take it for granted that there were two Cumorahs: one in Central America where the
Nephites lives out most of their history; the other in Western New York state near the Finger Lakes where Joseph
Smith found the plates. Again, nothing is more common than for migrating folk to take place names with them and
apply them to new sites.
Shim (meaning hill of the land of Shem?) was known to both the Jaredites and Nephites, and that it was in the hill
Shim where Ammaron deposited his records -- and from which Mormon later took them. The Book of Mormon index
(p. 329) confirms that Ramah and Cumorah refer to this same hill and it would not be too difficult for one to link Shim
with the Central American Cumorah. The consonantal shifts into the change in pronunciation since the letter C
commonly undergoes a sound shift from "k" to "ch" or "sh" and vice versa., as in modern Italian, Romanian, and
Hebrew (remember how Joshua tested the Canaanite infiltrators by having them pronounce the word "shibboleth"?
The Canaanites could pronounce it only as "shibolet" .. It seems the "th" sound has been retained only in modern
Icelandic, English, and Spanish. This Shim = Cum + Ramah (or "morah").
Book of Mormon scholar John Sorenson suggests that Shim actually lay between the Jaredite land of Moron (source
of Moroni's name? [fellow from (or born in ) Moron]) and the hill Ramah, or Cumorah. Sorenson's reading of the B of M
puts Shim not far from the eastern seashore, south of modern Veracruz, probably in the Tuxtlas mountain mass, in
the Sierra Madres some 80 miles further south. . Sorenson adds that no place was of greater importance in Nephite
history since they struggled to the death for almost 35 years in or near Shim in southern Veracruz.
Veracruz is on the Gulf of Mexico. The Nephites must have fought in slow retreat from the area of the narrow neck of
land northward over many generation. They would thus have been compelled to retreat along the Gulf Coast until they
hit the Mississippi River. Because of its width near the Gulf, they'd have had to retreat almost straight north along its
west bank until reaching a point where the river could be crossed. This would have brought them to the Finger Lakes
area just south of Lake Erie, the exact location of the Second Cumorah near which the Nephites were wiped out.
Anthropologists have found enormous stacks of bones in this very area, evidencing some mighty pre-Columbian
battles in the region. And given the fact that the modern Indian tribes of the region were never very numerous, one
wonders where else all the bones could have come from. Besides which we know that Moroni was exhausted and
probably wounded during his last battle and could not have wandered far to hide the plates. Joseph Smith found the
plates about 1200 years later in this exact location.
In brief, while I can't tell you where the Nephites found the Jaredite record, they did. Moroni had it (see Ether 13:1) and
so in all probability did his father Mormon -- and possibly even more remote Nephite ancestors.
But just before their final overthrow, a man by the name of Mormon took their record containing their history and
sacred writings... to come forth in due time for a sign to Israel, that the time of their redemption had come...
This account agrees with the Indian traditions which claim that their forefathers were once in possession of a
sacred Book, which was handed down from generation to generation, and at last hid in the earth; but these oracles
are to be restored to them again and then they shall triumph over their enemies and regain their ancient country.
Hearing this, the Mormons took this as the sign this Race was the Lost Children of Israel and that now with them, the
Mormons, being in possession of the Lost Books, they would be able to fulfill the prophecies..thus a new religion
came to be borne, which we know as 'Mormonism' or 'Latter Day Saints' .
It seems that both the Jaredites and the Nephites were Mound Builders and differed both racially and culturally from
the Native American Indians which came later. As late as 1830 newspaper reports were being published, telling of
Mormon elders claiming that the ancient Old World peoples who migrated to the Americas came ashore in places as
far away as the shores of South America: "on the coast of Chili 600 years before the coming of Christ..."
THE RED RECORD OF THE ALGONQUIANS
The Wallam Olum -- The Red Record -- is the Delaware's record of their ancient history, told in the form of an epic
song. "Recorded in pictures and words, the saga tells of the rise to glory of the Lenni Lenape and their great Lenape
family, also called the Algonquians, the most populous and widespread Native American language group in ancient
North America" (The Red Record, translated and annotated by David McCutchen. Garder City, NY: Avery Publishing
Group, Inc. 1993. )
As the Lenape migration neared the Mississippi River, they came upon agricultural lands where permanent
settlements became possible. The Lenape soon discovered that farther to the east were the powerful people called
the TALEGAS -- best translated as "foreigner" or "stranger." According to Heckewelder [an early missionary], the
Lenape arrived at the Mississippi and followed it downstream to where it meets the Missouri River. This is the
location of CAHOKIA, the most likely site for the "Talega king" in IV:52 [of The Red Record]. The great walled city of
Cahokia, near where east St. Louis is today, was a commercial, political, and religious center of the last and most
spectacular era of Moundbuilder culture -- the Mississippian Temple Mound phase. Cahokia has been described as
"a cross between New York, Washington, D.C., and the Vatican." -- The Red Record: The Wallum Olam, p. 107.
Cahokia
A.J. Conant, a member of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Missouri, is quoted below:
Atop the mounds constantly burned the flames that were only extinguished at the end of the old year and were
relighted by the rays of the sun when the priests focused the rays of the newly born Sun on the wood of the sacrificial
fires. This took place amidst the most extraordinary solemnity. -- The Roots of the American Indian, p. 59.
According to early reports the fires were extinguished during the winter solstice when the days became shortest and
the sun reached the lowest point in the southern sky, and the weather became very cold. "Then, to give life to the dying
sun, the rays of the king of the heavens were focused on the altar of the sacrifices in order that, with the light of the fire
that burned, he could see his way back to the north" (ibid., p. 53). This is the EXACT same ceremony that was
celebrated in ancient Rome, Egypt and Babylon!
The people who constructed the mounds and the pyramids all paid homage to the same gods because they were of
one blood and language. Foremost among their gods was the PLUMED SERPENT called Piasa
CANAL SYSTEM INTERLINKING LAKES AND RIVERS FOR TRANSPORT
The ancient people not only had developed a great urban civilization based upon an agrarian economy but
construsted the ingenious system of interlocking canals. With amazing skill, the engineers developed an internal
system of navigation, linking the lakes and rivers with the various metropolitan centers of the region, and it was by
means of these interconnecting waterways that the cities received the needed produce. The Mississippi River served
as the principal transportation artery. Dr. G.C. Swallow, in referring to one of these canals, said, "One of them, that I
examined, measured 53 feet wide and was 14 feet deep." More of these canal system was created interlinking water
routes from the Great Lakes. Many archaeologists and investigators say that the 'artificial' rivers in the southern part of
the United States are a gift handed down by this mysterious race.
THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE MOUND BUILDERS
[The Lenape] discovered that the country east of the Mississippi was inhabited by a very powerful white, red haired
nation who had many large towns built on the great rivers flowing through their land. Those people (as I was told)
called themselves TALLIGEW or TALLEGWI....Many wonderful things are told of this famous people. They are said to
have been remarkably tall and stout, and there is a tradition that there were GIANTS AMONG THEM, people of a much
larger size than the tallest of the Lenape. (Moundbuilders of Ancient America, by Robert Silverberg. Greenwich, CT: N.
Y. Graphics Society, 1968. P. 54f).
So the Hopewell Indians called themselves TALLEGWI. This is, of course, the same ancient TELL or TALO root which
is found in Finnish TALOSSA, the TALAYOTIC culture of the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean off the east coast of
Spain, and the BEAKER (Canaanite/Pictish) cultures of Toulouse, France. (See our article, Unraveling the Origins of
the Mysterious Olmec!). Notes R. Ben Madison: "If any more proof were needed, it is this: The same Lenape legend
refers to these Talossans both as Tallegwi and as Alligewi, with or without the initial T. This is a fundamental Berber
phenomenon: in Morroccan Berber, for example, the name of the ethnic group is Amazigh, while the name of the
language is Tamazight. The T functions as an article or gender marker. The SAME grammatical feature appears to be
at work among the Hopewell: ALLIGEWI = Amazigh; TALLEGWI = Tamazight. This alternation, with and without the
initial T, only makes sense in one human language, and that is Berber" (The Berber Project. Second (Revised)
Edition. 1997. P. 19).
When the migrating Lenni Lenape reached the Mississippi River, they "sent a message to the Talegas, requesting
permission to settle in their neighborhood as friends and allies."
The Red Record goes on to describe what happened next:
The Talega king denied this request, but promised to permit the Lenape to pass through his lands to find homes
farther east. Peacefully, the Lenape began to cross the Mississippi. But when the Talega King saw how numerous the
Lenape were, he became frightened, and ordered his warriors to attack. Talega war canoes swept across the river as
armored Talega regiments massacred the Lenape who had already crossed. Enraged by this treachery, the Lenape
vowed to "Conquer or die!" and joined with their Iroquois allies in an epic war of vengeance. Led by Sharp One (IV:55),
the Lenape forces stormed across the Mississippi, defeating the Talegas, and besieging and capturing many of the
Talega towns. -- Pp. 107-108.
After a long and difficult struggle, Talega resistance was crushed (V:57-59). The Red Record shows that four
sachems [chiefs] came and went before the final victory (V:55-59). The war between the Lenape-Iroquois allies and
the Talega must have been fierce, with the final sieges of the Talega Wars among the largest battles ever fought in
ancient America. Formidable earthworks from this period can be found throughout the Ohio Valley. One such
stronghold, Fort Ancient, had palisaded walls 13 feet high and 5 miles long, and could hold up to 10,000 people. -- P.
111.
As we have seen, both Iroquois and Algonquian Indian legends tell of wars against the Mound-builders -- whom they
called "the Snakes" (Serpents represent Wisdom) It is on record that an elderly Indian informant in the mid-19th
century recalled that the "First Dispersion" of his people -- the Mound-builders -- began in the eastern United States,
near the Alleghany mountains of Pennsylvania ("Oral Literature and Archaeology," by Robert J. Salzer. The Wisconsin
Archaeologist (1993). P. 101); this refers to the breakup of the Hopewell "interaction sphere." The Lenni Lenape also
recalled (in The Red Record) in the late 18th century that "many hundreds of years ago" their ancestors indeed went to
war with the Mound-builders in what is now Michigan, which would have to be Hopewell country. Missionary John
Heckwelder recounted this bit of Lenape oral history in 1819 -- which describes the breakup of the Hopewell
"interaction sphere":
Having thus united their forces the Lenape and Mengwe [Iroquois] declared war against the Alligewi [Tallegwi], and
great battles were fought in which many warriors fell on both sides....No quarter was given, so that the Alligewi at last,
finding that their destruction was inevitable if they persisted in their obstinacy, abandoned the country to the
conquerors and fled down the Mississippi River, from whence they never returned. -- Mound Builders of Ancient
America, 54f).
This is, without doubt, an accurate account of wars against the Hopewell by the Algonquians and Iroquois -- both of
whom were invading the American Midwest at this time. Especially interesting is the fact that the Hopewell fled south,
down the Mississippi River, and never returned. Also, they fled to the far Southwest. In the Southwest we find a very
similar culture again with a mysterious past . Could they have taken flight and re-located in the land of their cousins at
Pueblo Bonito. If they did, then the story of the Mound Builders in Burlington WI may be even more of intrique than
originally thought and linking the Mississippian culture to Chaco Canyon and dare I say, the civilisations of Mars. .
See Chaco Canyon
The people of Chaco Canyon , the hub of the Anasazi world., archaeologists realized from the architure had am
INTIMATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUN AND THE STARS. The great kiva at Casa Rinconada in Chaco Canyon has a
main doorway that faces celestial north. "This is the fixed point in the nighttime sky round which all stars seem to
revolve. Four huge wooden pillars once defined the cardinal directions, symbolizing the four trees that Earth people
once climbed to reach their homeland" . At solstice sunrise the rays of the sun enter to the right of the doorway and
shine into a niche in the northeast wall -- marking the northernmost journey of the sun.
The semi-circular plaza was surrounded by more than 800 rooms at the town's peak, all within easy reach of the
sacred kivas that were the heart of the settlement. Archaelogist Stephen Lekson of the Natioanl Park Service tells
about nine major Chacoan "Great Houses" that had been erected -- each a massive undertaking--estimating that
each room required 40 beams, each from a separate pine or fir tree growing in a forest nearly 40 miles away -- to say
nothing of tons of stone and clay!
In the early 1900s some of the pioneer archaeologists who excavated at Pueblo Bonito noticed what appeared to be
the remains of tracks converging on Chaco Canyon from the outside. "It is only in the past twenty years," writes Brian
Fagan, "that AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS and SATELLITE IMAGERY have revealed the full extent of the web of more than
400 miles of unpaved PREHISTORIC ROADWAYS that link Chaco to over thirty outlying settlements. The Chacoans
had no wheeled carts or draft animals, yet they constructed wide roads across the desert, shallow tracks up to 40 ft
wide, cut a few inches into the soil, sometimes marked by shallow banks or even low stone walls. The highways run
straight for many miles, some of them 40 to 60 miles long, connecting as many as half-a-dozen settlements to one
another and to Chaco" In its own way, the Chaco road system is as imposing as that of the South American Incas. We
are yet unsure as to the purpose of the roads, being that they seem to lead no where.
In Arizona we can find literally hundreds of towns that were built in these rocky canyons. Even today these stuctures of
stone and adobe give testimony about the level of cultural development attained by these inhabitants. The most well-
known of these towns is Casa Grandes, located in the San Miguel River Valley in Chihuahua, Mexico -- where
hundreds of these huts can still be found. They are also located in the Gila River basin in Arizona.
The Gila River flows from the eastern mountains of the Southwest into the mighty Colorado River -- through a
mesquite-studded desert landscape. The summers are intensely hot in this semi-arid country, but the banks of the
Gila were a veritable oasis, with fertile soil and abundant wildlife. In this area University of Arizona archaeologist Emil
Haury excavated the MOUNDS known as Snaketown -- so-called after the Pima Indian name of Skoaquik: "Place of
Snakes." This is extemely important because the snake was central to the ritual and artistic functions of the Mound-
builders of the Mississippi Valley, and was also the name ("the Snakes") given to the Tallegewi by the Lenni Lenape!
Not only do we see a connection of the 'snake' with the inhabitants of the southwest but again the building of
waterways. Snaketown, or Skoaquik, was an important lowland town occupied for many centuries, for the entire span
of time the Anasazi people lived at Mesa Verde in Colorado. According to Brian Fagan, "Snaketown prospered
because the HOHOKAM were masters of desert irrigation. They dug a 3-mile CANAL to water fields near the Gila
River, a canal so efficient it remained in use for the entire lifetime of the settlement" (Kingdoms of Gold, Kingdoms of
Jade, p. 211).The same type of systems are used today in Arizona.
The Apache also validates the tradition of an exodus from the Northeast . The Apaches still relate in their stories and
legends how these migrating tribes were forced to flee to the south from their homeland in the Northeast. I would like
to note here that when the Mormon were forced to leave this area in Wisconsin, Joseph Smith and his followers
followed the same tradition , migrating to the southwest and settling near this area as well as in Utah. Another note I
feel I need to add to this is that it is my belief that the Hopi Indians are the keepers of the 'lost knowledge' of this
ancient race of Mound Builders and religiously keep these secrets yet today.
MOUND BUILDERS OF WISCONSIN CONNECTED TO CHACO CANYON
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Euro-American explorers traveled westward along Wisconsin’s rivers and
trails. As they paddled and walked they encountered areas where the earth was sculpted into birds, animals and even
people. Euro-American explorers had found burial mounds in other areas before, but they had never seen anything
like the effigy mounds. Amazed, but unsure what to make of their discovery, they drew maps and wrote reports for
newspapers, scientific journals and even Congress. Soon the Wisconsin Territory had become famous for its
mysterious effigies.
“As the years passed, Euro-American farmers and settlers took up residence in Wisconsin. Many mounds were
plowed away by farmers who saw them only as nuisances. Some were carted away by gardeners and bridge-builders
who wanted to use the earth they were made of for fill. People dug into the mounds out of curiosity, or in the hopes of
finding valuable objects to sell. Other mounds were simply in the way— in the path of roads, railroads, houses and
quarries. Perhaps as many as 20,000 mounds once existed in Wisconsin. Now less than 5,000 remain. For Native
Americans, the mounds are eternally sacred places and connect us to the land and the supernatural, bring harmony
to an unsettled world.
THE CANAANITES
Now that we have successfully linked the Wisconsin Hopewell Mound Builders to the Aztecs as well as the Ancient
Builders of Chaco Canyon we will now back step and ask the question 'Where did the Mound Builders Originate and
how are they connected to us. For the answer to this question we can turn back to our biblical instructions.
. In Joshua 3:9 we read:
So Joshua said to the children of Israel, "Come here, and hear the words of the Lord your God." And Joshua said, "By
this you shall know that the living God is among you, and that He will without fail DRIVE OUT from before you the
CANAANITES and the Hittites and the Hivites and the Perizzites and the Girgashites and the Amorites and the
Jebusites...(New King James Version).
I would like to note that these people then would be among the race of giants that were the men of old that Genesis
speaks of.
Later on, in Joshua 11, verses 16-17 and 23, it is recorded that "Joshua took all the land: the mountain country, all the
South, all the land of Goshen, the lowland, and the Jordan plain -- the mountains of Israel and its lowlands, from
Mount Halak and the ascent to Seir, even as far as Baal Gad in the Valley of Lebanon below Mount Hermon...So
Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the Lord had said to Moses; and Joshua gave it as an inheritance to
Israel...Then the land rested from war."
Again, in Deuteronomy 7, we read --
When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are about to enter and possess, and He DISLODGES many
nations before you -- the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations
much larger than you -- and the Lord your God delivers them to you and you defeat them, you must doom them to
destruction: grant them no terms and give them no quarter...this is what you shall do to them: you shall tear down their
altars, smash their pillars, cut down their SACRED POSTS], and consign their images to the fire....You shall destroy
all the peoples that the Lord your God delivers to you, showing them no pity....The Lord your God will DISLODGE these
peoples before you little by little; you will not be able to put an end to them at once, else the wild beasts would multiply
to your hurt. The Lord your God will deliver them up to you, throwing them into utter panic until they are wiped out. He
will deliver their kings into your hand, and you shall obliterate their name from under the heavens...(Deuteronomy 7:1-
2, 5, 16, 22-24, Tanakh).
When Joshua and the Israelites crossed the Jordan River just north of the Dead Sea, they camped a while at Gilgal,
then moved to take Jericho and Ai. Afterward, they returned to Gilgal (Joshua 1-8). After making peace with Gibeon,
Joshua led the Israelites through the Valley of Aijalon and defeated the five Amorite kings (Joshua 9-10). From
Makkedah, Joshua launched a SOUTHERN campaign against Lachish, Hebron, Debir and Gaza.
Those of the inhabitants who were not put to the sword by the Israelites, FLED TO EGYPT and sought refuge there.
Samuel Purchas, in his book Relations of the World and the Religions Observed in All Ages, records this flight:
"Procopius...affirms, that all the seacoast, in those times, from Sidon to Egypt, was called Phoenicia: and that when
Joshua invaded them, they [those that weren't killed] LEFT THEIR COUNTRY, AND FLED INTO EGYPT..." (1613. Book
I, chapter XVIII, p. 85).
After a victorious campaign, Joshua and the Israelites returned to Gilgal for a period of time before launching any
more campaigns against the Canaanites. The Canaanites who had fled the country, however, pushed further into
Africa: "...there [in Egypt] multiplying, [the Canaanites] pierced further into Africa; where they POSSESSED ALL THAT
TRACT, UNTO THE PILLARS OF HERCULES, speaking half Phoenician"
Close to the Pillars of Hercules, on the African side, the vanquished Canaanite refugees built two cities: "They [the
Canaanites] BUILT THE CITY OF TINGE AND TANGER IN NUMIDIA, where were two pillars of white stone, placed
near to a great fountain, in which, in the Phoenician tongue, was engraven: WE ARE CANAANITES, WHOM JOSHUA
THE THIEF CHASED AWAY"
In The Complete Works of Josephus, translated by William Whiston, is a footnote on page 110 that corroborates
Puechas' record --
Moses Chorenensis sets down the FAMOUS INSCRIPTION AT TANGIER [TANGER] concerning the old CANAANITES
driven out of Palestine by Joshua thus: "We are those exiles that were governors of the Canaanites, but have been
driven away by Joshua the robber, AND ARE COME TO INHABIT HERE." -- Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1988.
In time, these inhabitants of Northern Africa became known as BERBERS and MOORS.
This wave of Canaanite refugees from Joshua's southern thrust expanded rapidly and made their way into the Iberian
Peninsula and France -- settling thickly in the Aude, Herault and the lower Rhone. Here, with their "tastefully
decorated" pottery, they survived into Roman times, especially the Tolosati, who lent their name to the city of Tolosa
(French: Toulouse); and the Tolossae, who lived in what is now Provence. "That the tribes of this region were not
Celtic [Israelite] (as is often supposed) is revealed by the fact that the Celtic Gauls -- who always called themselves
the Com-broges, or 'fellow-countrymen' (whence Cymru, "Welsh") -- referred to one of the local tribes as Allo-broges,
or 'other-countrymen,' i.e. 'non-Celts'" (The Berber Project, p. 7).
CONTINUED
Traditions) whose ancestors have been claimed to be the first to have mined the copper from the Lake Superior
Regions. These would have been the one's that Joshua expelled from the Lands of Israel and drove into the Lands of
Africa.
"Political leadership in Adena," writes Madison, "was probably provided by Berbers from Africa."
Mound-building was an important art in both their Megalithic and Beaker phases." In both North Africa and Western
Europe the Berbers buried their dead in stone tombs which were then enclosed in large earthen mounds. Across the
Atlantic in North America this Berber custom was continued -- many mound-builder tombs are EXACTLY the same
layout, a rock tomb covered in an earthen mound (Radin, The Winnebago Tribe,)
Copper ingots of IDENTICAL "ox-hide" shape have been found on both sides of the Atlantic, proving that around 200 B.
C. there was a revival of the regular Atlantic trade between the Mediterranean and North America. This involved copper
from Wisconsin, set down the Mississippi River and out to Europe. Bruce J. Trigger reveals that there were also
Adena sites in Maryland -- suggesting traffic up the Potomac and Monongahela Rivers from the Atlantic into the
American interior (Handbook of North American Indians, p. 29).
MORMONS IDENTIFY MOUND BUILDERS WITH THE NEPHITES AND LAMANITES
Elder Charles B. Thompson was one of the first Mormon writers to identify the "mound-builders" with the Nephites
whose story is told in the Book of Mormon. According to the Book of Mormons, there were two races here ages ago.
One was the Nephites and the other were the Lamanites. The Nephites were a white skinned, red haired , civilized,
industrious people... whereas the Lamanites were an idle, savage, and vicious people delighting in war and
bloodshed... The order was given by God to wipe the Nephites off the face of the earth, along with all record of their
existence. (Deut.) In some battles thousands were slain who were piled up in heaps upon the face of the land and
then earth thrown upon them. This accounts for the numerous mounds and tumuli found in this country.
Josiah Priest, American Antiquities, was one of the first to give full documented accounts of this lost race, based on
abundance of proof from recent discoveries. History informs this nation of Nephites were brought down and
destroyed by the Lamanites... God stirred up the Lamanites to camp against them round about, and to raise forts
against them with a mount, and thus they were brought down. (Deut.) After Priest completed his report, most of his
books and documents concerning this were destroyed.
The wars of the Jaredites (Nephites) and the Lamanites
Mormons Take Sacred Tablets Claiming them as their Own.
According to the Book of Mormons, after the Genesis Flood , during the time of 'The Tower of Babel, a group sailed
from the Region of the Tower of Babel to North America . This group of peoples were the Jaredites. According to the
Morman Book of Ester, a group of people called the Jaredites fled the Tower of Babel at least 3000 years before
Christ. Because they were a righteous people the LORD did not confound their language, and a Prophet led them
called "The Brother of Jared" (his actual name was Mahonri Moriancumr). All of the Jaredite names are Hamitic; the
descendants of Ham were black and are, most likely, who we know today as the OLMECS.
"In the year 1883 B.C. an invasion of Spain took place from the confines of North Africa. Having become a civilized land
and wealthy due to changes in climate and the presence of many producing gold mines, Spain aroused the greed of
Egypt and other North African nations.
A king by the name of GERION or DEABUS, with a large army and many ships, conquered Spain and forced the
inhabitants to dig gold for their new African overlords. Many Spanish slaves died from overwork under this tyranny"
After Osiris slew Gerion in 1849 B.C, a part of his people (giants) sailed to North America. A tradition found among the
Toltec of Mexico and preserved by Ixtlilxochitl declares there once were giants in their land and preserved by Toltec
historians, it . Even the date of the arrival of these giants has been preserved by the Toltec historians as 520 years
after the flood.
The First Battle of Cummorah
By 600 BC the Jaredites had divided into two warring camps.. Their armies fought on the Hill Ramah (which is also
the Hill Cummorah and which is located in Western New York State). A man named Ether "hides " the records of his
people (gold plates).
The Second Battle of Cummorah and the Nephites
Mosiah 5:65 mentions a Nephite search party had come across ruins of an earlier civilization (Jaredite). To prove this
find they brought back 24 gold plates and some armor and weapons. The breastplates are described as large.
About 100 BC, a group of Nephites (called the Lamanites (Limhites) who had broken away from the main body of
Nephites migrate to the area near the Hill Cummorah. They find the gold plates of the Jaredites. Later they are
reunited with the main body of Nephites and add the Jaredite plates to the main body of plates
A thousand years after the Jaredite battle on the Hill Ramah, the Nephites and Lamanites battle their way Northward
until they arrive at the same hill (now called Cummorah). They also fight to the last Nephite warrior. After the Final
Battle, a man named Moroni buries the gold plate records of his people in the hill. Fourteen hundred years later the
Mormons allege he returns as the Angel Moroni and leads Joseph Smith to the plates (1823)
Nothing is mentioned more prominently in the Jaredite records than the Hill Shim where their great battle of
destruction took place. This being so, the records were probably found in or near the Hill Shim (or Cum) which gave
the Nephites an apposite warning of their own future should they disobey the commandments of God, as well as a
place name to tinker with and transform into their own tongue. It may also have given Ammaron the idea to hide his
own records in the same hill, where Mormon recovered them years later.. The same association of name and place
similarly seems to have given Mormon's son Moroni the idea to hide the records, with his additions, in another hill
some twenty-three hundred miles to the north following his own lost battles.
Nothing is more common in the study of languages than the observation of interchange and "drift" of vowels and
consonants. Ramah is obviously an earlier form of Cumorah, "ramah = mora". And it is suspected that Cu was a
Nephite addition, being probably equivalent to whatever was particularly striking about the hill to the Nephites. Cu-
morah is therefore probably an iterative of the same description of the hill in two separate languages.
Most Book of Mormon scholars take it for granted that there were two Cumorahs: one in Central America where the
Nephites lives out most of their history; the other in Western New York state near the Finger Lakes where Joseph
Smith found the plates. Again, nothing is more common than for migrating folk to take place names with them and
apply them to new sites.
Shim (meaning hill of the land of Shem?) was known to both the Jaredites and Nephites, and that it was in the hill
Shim where Ammaron deposited his records -- and from which Mormon later took them. The Book of Mormon index
(p. 329) confirms that Ramah and Cumorah refer to this same hill and it would not be too difficult for one to link Shim
with the Central American Cumorah. The consonantal shifts into the change in pronunciation since the letter C
commonly undergoes a sound shift from "k" to "ch" or "sh" and vice versa., as in modern Italian, Romanian, and
Hebrew (remember how Joshua tested the Canaanite infiltrators by having them pronounce the word "shibboleth"?
The Canaanites could pronounce it only as "shibolet" .. It seems the "th" sound has been retained only in modern
Icelandic, English, and Spanish. This Shim = Cum + Ramah (or "morah").
Book of Mormon scholar John Sorenson suggests that Shim actually lay between the Jaredite land of Moron (source
of Moroni's name? [fellow from (or born in ) Moron]) and the hill Ramah, or Cumorah. Sorenson's reading of the B of M
puts Shim not far from the eastern seashore, south of modern Veracruz, probably in the Tuxtlas mountain mass, in
the Sierra Madres some 80 miles further south. . Sorenson adds that no place was of greater importance in Nephite
history since they struggled to the death for almost 35 years in or near Shim in southern Veracruz.
Veracruz is on the Gulf of Mexico. The Nephites must have fought in slow retreat from the area of the narrow neck of
land northward over many generation. They would thus have been compelled to retreat along the Gulf Coast until they
hit the Mississippi River. Because of its width near the Gulf, they'd have had to retreat almost straight north along its
west bank until reaching a point where the river could be crossed. This would have brought them to the Finger Lakes
area just south of Lake Erie, the exact location of the Second Cumorah near which the Nephites were wiped out.
Anthropologists have found enormous stacks of bones in this very area, evidencing some mighty pre-Columbian
battles in the region. And given the fact that the modern Indian tribes of the region were never very numerous, one
wonders where else all the bones could have come from. Besides which we know that Moroni was exhausted and
probably wounded during his last battle and could not have wandered far to hide the plates. Joseph Smith found the
plates about 1200 years later in this exact location.
In brief, while I can't tell you where the Nephites found the Jaredite record, they did. Moroni had it (see Ether 13:1) and
so in all probability did his father Mormon -- and possibly even more remote Nephite ancestors.
But just before their final overthrow, a man by the name of Mormon took their record containing their history and
sacred writings... to come forth in due time for a sign to Israel, that the time of their redemption had come...
This account agrees with the Indian traditions which claim that their forefathers were once in possession of a
sacred Book, which was handed down from generation to generation, and at last hid in the earth; but these oracles
are to be restored to them again and then they shall triumph over their enemies and regain their ancient country.
Hearing this, the Mormons took this as the sign this Race was the Lost Children of Israel and that now with them, the
Mormons, being in possession of the Lost Books, they would be able to fulfill the prophecies..thus a new religion
came to be borne, which we know as 'Mormonism' or 'Latter Day Saints' .
It seems that both the Jaredites and the Nephites were Mound Builders and differed both racially and culturally from
the Native American Indians which came later. As late as 1830 newspaper reports were being published, telling of
Mormon elders claiming that the ancient Old World peoples who migrated to the Americas came ashore in places as
far away as the shores of South America: "on the coast of Chili 600 years before the coming of Christ..."
THE RED RECORD OF THE ALGONQUIANS
The Wallam Olum -- The Red Record -- is the Delaware's record of their ancient history, told in the form of an epic
song. "Recorded in pictures and words, the saga tells of the rise to glory of the Lenni Lenape and their great Lenape
family, also called the Algonquians, the most populous and widespread Native American language group in ancient
North America" (The Red Record, translated and annotated by David McCutchen. Garder City, NY: Avery Publishing
Group, Inc. 1993. )
As the Lenape migration neared the Mississippi River, they came upon agricultural lands where permanent
settlements became possible. The Lenape soon discovered that farther to the east were the powerful people called
the TALEGAS -- best translated as "foreigner" or "stranger." According to Heckewelder [an early missionary], the
Lenape arrived at the Mississippi and followed it downstream to where it meets the Missouri River. This is the
location of CAHOKIA, the most likely site for the "Talega king" in IV:52 [of The Red Record]. The great walled city of
Cahokia, near where east St. Louis is today, was a commercial, political, and religious center of the last and most
spectacular era of Moundbuilder culture -- the Mississippian Temple Mound phase. Cahokia has been described as
"a cross between New York, Washington, D.C., and the Vatican." -- The Red Record: The Wallum Olam, p. 107.
Cahokia
A.J. Conant, a member of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Missouri, is quoted below:
Atop the mounds constantly burned the flames that were only extinguished at the end of the old year and were
relighted by the rays of the sun when the priests focused the rays of the newly born Sun on the wood of the sacrificial
fires. This took place amidst the most extraordinary solemnity. -- The Roots of the American Indian, p. 59.
According to early reports the fires were extinguished during the winter solstice when the days became shortest and
the sun reached the lowest point in the southern sky, and the weather became very cold. "Then, to give life to the dying
sun, the rays of the king of the heavens were focused on the altar of the sacrifices in order that, with the light of the fire
that burned, he could see his way back to the north" (ibid., p. 53). This is the EXACT same ceremony that was
celebrated in ancient Rome, Egypt and Babylon!
The people who constructed the mounds and the pyramids all paid homage to the same gods because they were of
one blood and language. Foremost among their gods was the PLUMED SERPENT called Piasa
CANAL SYSTEM INTERLINKING LAKES AND RIVERS FOR TRANSPORT
The ancient people not only had developed a great urban civilization based upon an agrarian economy but
construsted the ingenious system of interlocking canals. With amazing skill, the engineers developed an internal
system of navigation, linking the lakes and rivers with the various metropolitan centers of the region, and it was by
means of these interconnecting waterways that the cities received the needed produce. The Mississippi River served
as the principal transportation artery. Dr. G.C. Swallow, in referring to one of these canals, said, "One of them, that I
examined, measured 53 feet wide and was 14 feet deep." More of these canal system was created interlinking water
routes from the Great Lakes. Many archaeologists and investigators say that the 'artificial' rivers in the southern part of
the United States are a gift handed down by this mysterious race.
THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE MOUND BUILDERS
[The Lenape] discovered that the country east of the Mississippi was inhabited by a very powerful white, red haired
nation who had many large towns built on the great rivers flowing through their land. Those people (as I was told)
called themselves TALLIGEW or TALLEGWI....Many wonderful things are told of this famous people. They are said to
have been remarkably tall and stout, and there is a tradition that there were GIANTS AMONG THEM, people of a much
larger size than the tallest of the Lenape. (Moundbuilders of Ancient America, by Robert Silverberg. Greenwich, CT: N.
Y. Graphics Society, 1968. P. 54f).
So the Hopewell Indians called themselves TALLEGWI. This is, of course, the same ancient TELL or TALO root which
is found in Finnish TALOSSA, the TALAYOTIC culture of the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean off the east coast of
Spain, and the BEAKER (Canaanite/Pictish) cultures of Toulouse, France. (See our article, Unraveling the Origins of
the Mysterious Olmec!). Notes R. Ben Madison: "If any more proof were needed, it is this: The same Lenape legend
refers to these Talossans both as Tallegwi and as Alligewi, with or without the initial T. This is a fundamental Berber
phenomenon: in Morroccan Berber, for example, the name of the ethnic group is Amazigh, while the name of the
language is Tamazight. The T functions as an article or gender marker. The SAME grammatical feature appears to be
at work among the Hopewell: ALLIGEWI = Amazigh; TALLEGWI = Tamazight. This alternation, with and without the
initial T, only makes sense in one human language, and that is Berber" (The Berber Project. Second (Revised)
Edition. 1997. P. 19).
When the migrating Lenni Lenape reached the Mississippi River, they "sent a message to the Talegas, requesting
permission to settle in their neighborhood as friends and allies."
The Red Record goes on to describe what happened next:
The Talega king denied this request, but promised to permit the Lenape to pass through his lands to find homes
farther east. Peacefully, the Lenape began to cross the Mississippi. But when the Talega King saw how numerous the
Lenape were, he became frightened, and ordered his warriors to attack. Talega war canoes swept across the river as
armored Talega regiments massacred the Lenape who had already crossed. Enraged by this treachery, the Lenape
vowed to "Conquer or die!" and joined with their Iroquois allies in an epic war of vengeance. Led by Sharp One (IV:55),
the Lenape forces stormed across the Mississippi, defeating the Talegas, and besieging and capturing many of the
Talega towns. -- Pp. 107-108.
After a long and difficult struggle, Talega resistance was crushed (V:57-59). The Red Record shows that four
sachems [chiefs] came and went before the final victory (V:55-59). The war between the Lenape-Iroquois allies and
the Talega must have been fierce, with the final sieges of the Talega Wars among the largest battles ever fought in
ancient America. Formidable earthworks from this period can be found throughout the Ohio Valley. One such
stronghold, Fort Ancient, had palisaded walls 13 feet high and 5 miles long, and could hold up to 10,000 people. -- P.
111.
As we have seen, both Iroquois and Algonquian Indian legends tell of wars against the Mound-builders -- whom they
called "the Snakes" (Serpents represent Wisdom) It is on record that an elderly Indian informant in the mid-19th
century recalled that the "First Dispersion" of his people -- the Mound-builders -- began in the eastern United States,
near the Alleghany mountains of Pennsylvania ("Oral Literature and Archaeology," by Robert J. Salzer. The Wisconsin
Archaeologist (1993). P. 101); this refers to the breakup of the Hopewell "interaction sphere." The Lenni Lenape also
recalled (in The Red Record) in the late 18th century that "many hundreds of years ago" their ancestors indeed went to
war with the Mound-builders in what is now Michigan, which would have to be Hopewell country. Missionary John
Heckwelder recounted this bit of Lenape oral history in 1819 -- which describes the breakup of the Hopewell
"interaction sphere":
Having thus united their forces the Lenape and Mengwe [Iroquois] declared war against the Alligewi [Tallegwi], and
great battles were fought in which many warriors fell on both sides....No quarter was given, so that the Alligewi at last,
finding that their destruction was inevitable if they persisted in their obstinacy, abandoned the country to the
conquerors and fled down the Mississippi River, from whence they never returned. -- Mound Builders of Ancient
America, 54f).
This is, without doubt, an accurate account of wars against the Hopewell by the Algonquians and Iroquois -- both of
whom were invading the American Midwest at this time. Especially interesting is the fact that the Hopewell fled south,
down the Mississippi River, and never returned. Also, they fled to the far Southwest. In the Southwest we find a very
similar culture again with a mysterious past . Could they have taken flight and re-located in the land of their cousins at
Pueblo Bonito. If they did, then the story of the Mound Builders in Burlington WI may be even more of intrique than
originally thought and linking the Mississippian culture to Chaco Canyon and dare I say, the civilisations of Mars. .
See Chaco Canyon
The people of Chaco Canyon , the hub of the Anasazi world., archaeologists realized from the architure had am
INTIMATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUN AND THE STARS. The great kiva at Casa Rinconada in Chaco Canyon has a
main doorway that faces celestial north. "This is the fixed point in the nighttime sky round which all stars seem to
revolve. Four huge wooden pillars once defined the cardinal directions, symbolizing the four trees that Earth people
once climbed to reach their homeland" . At solstice sunrise the rays of the sun enter to the right of the doorway and
shine into a niche in the northeast wall -- marking the northernmost journey of the sun.
The semi-circular plaza was surrounded by more than 800 rooms at the town's peak, all within easy reach of the
sacred kivas that were the heart of the settlement. Archaelogist Stephen Lekson of the Natioanl Park Service tells
about nine major Chacoan "Great Houses" that had been erected -- each a massive undertaking--estimating that
each room required 40 beams, each from a separate pine or fir tree growing in a forest nearly 40 miles away -- to say
nothing of tons of stone and clay!
In the early 1900s some of the pioneer archaeologists who excavated at Pueblo Bonito noticed what appeared to be
the remains of tracks converging on Chaco Canyon from the outside. "It is only in the past twenty years," writes Brian
Fagan, "that AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS and SATELLITE IMAGERY have revealed the full extent of the web of more than
400 miles of unpaved PREHISTORIC ROADWAYS that link Chaco to over thirty outlying settlements. The Chacoans
had no wheeled carts or draft animals, yet they constructed wide roads across the desert, shallow tracks up to 40 ft
wide, cut a few inches into the soil, sometimes marked by shallow banks or even low stone walls. The highways run
straight for many miles, some of them 40 to 60 miles long, connecting as many as half-a-dozen settlements to one
another and to Chaco" In its own way, the Chaco road system is as imposing as that of the South American Incas. We
are yet unsure as to the purpose of the roads, being that they seem to lead no where.
In Arizona we can find literally hundreds of towns that were built in these rocky canyons. Even today these stuctures of
stone and adobe give testimony about the level of cultural development attained by these inhabitants. The most well-
known of these towns is Casa Grandes, located in the San Miguel River Valley in Chihuahua, Mexico -- where
hundreds of these huts can still be found. They are also located in the Gila River basin in Arizona.
The Gila River flows from the eastern mountains of the Southwest into the mighty Colorado River -- through a
mesquite-studded desert landscape. The summers are intensely hot in this semi-arid country, but the banks of the
Gila were a veritable oasis, with fertile soil and abundant wildlife. In this area University of Arizona archaeologist Emil
Haury excavated the MOUNDS known as Snaketown -- so-called after the Pima Indian name of Skoaquik: "Place of
Snakes." This is extemely important because the snake was central to the ritual and artistic functions of the Mound-
builders of the Mississippi Valley, and was also the name ("the Snakes") given to the Tallegewi by the Lenni Lenape!
Not only do we see a connection of the 'snake' with the inhabitants of the southwest but again the building of
waterways. Snaketown, or Skoaquik, was an important lowland town occupied for many centuries, for the entire span
of time the Anasazi people lived at Mesa Verde in Colorado. According to Brian Fagan, "Snaketown prospered
because the HOHOKAM were masters of desert irrigation. They dug a 3-mile CANAL to water fields near the Gila
River, a canal so efficient it remained in use for the entire lifetime of the settlement" (Kingdoms of Gold, Kingdoms of
Jade, p. 211).The same type of systems are used today in Arizona.
The Apache also validates the tradition of an exodus from the Northeast . The Apaches still relate in their stories and
legends how these migrating tribes were forced to flee to the south from their homeland in the Northeast. I would like
to note here that when the Mormon were forced to leave this area in Wisconsin, Joseph Smith and his followers
followed the same tradition , migrating to the southwest and settling near this area as well as in Utah. Another note I
feel I need to add to this is that it is my belief that the Hopi Indians are the keepers of the 'lost knowledge' of this
ancient race of Mound Builders and religiously keep these secrets yet today.
MOUND BUILDERS OF WISCONSIN CONNECTED TO CHACO CANYON
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Euro-American explorers traveled westward along Wisconsin’s rivers and
trails. As they paddled and walked they encountered areas where the earth was sculpted into birds, animals and even
people. Euro-American explorers had found burial mounds in other areas before, but they had never seen anything
like the effigy mounds. Amazed, but unsure what to make of their discovery, they drew maps and wrote reports for
newspapers, scientific journals and even Congress. Soon the Wisconsin Territory had become famous for its
mysterious effigies.
“As the years passed, Euro-American farmers and settlers took up residence in Wisconsin. Many mounds were
plowed away by farmers who saw them only as nuisances. Some were carted away by gardeners and bridge-builders
who wanted to use the earth they were made of for fill. People dug into the mounds out of curiosity, or in the hopes of
finding valuable objects to sell. Other mounds were simply in the way— in the path of roads, railroads, houses and
quarries. Perhaps as many as 20,000 mounds once existed in Wisconsin. Now less than 5,000 remain. For Native
Americans, the mounds are eternally sacred places and connect us to the land and the supernatural, bring harmony
to an unsettled world.
THE CANAANITES
Now that we have successfully linked the Wisconsin Hopewell Mound Builders to the Aztecs as well as the Ancient
Builders of Chaco Canyon we will now back step and ask the question 'Where did the Mound Builders Originate and
how are they connected to us. For the answer to this question we can turn back to our biblical instructions.
. In Joshua 3:9 we read:
So Joshua said to the children of Israel, "Come here, and hear the words of the Lord your God." And Joshua said, "By
this you shall know that the living God is among you, and that He will without fail DRIVE OUT from before you the
CANAANITES and the Hittites and the Hivites and the Perizzites and the Girgashites and the Amorites and the
Jebusites...(New King James Version).
I would like to note that these people then would be among the race of giants that were the men of old that Genesis
speaks of.
Later on, in Joshua 11, verses 16-17 and 23, it is recorded that "Joshua took all the land: the mountain country, all the
South, all the land of Goshen, the lowland, and the Jordan plain -- the mountains of Israel and its lowlands, from
Mount Halak and the ascent to Seir, even as far as Baal Gad in the Valley of Lebanon below Mount Hermon...So
Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the Lord had said to Moses; and Joshua gave it as an inheritance to
Israel...Then the land rested from war."
Again, in Deuteronomy 7, we read --
When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are about to enter and possess, and He DISLODGES many
nations before you -- the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations
much larger than you -- and the Lord your God delivers them to you and you defeat them, you must doom them to
destruction: grant them no terms and give them no quarter...this is what you shall do to them: you shall tear down their
altars, smash their pillars, cut down their SACRED POSTS], and consign their images to the fire....You shall destroy
all the peoples that the Lord your God delivers to you, showing them no pity....The Lord your God will DISLODGE these
peoples before you little by little; you will not be able to put an end to them at once, else the wild beasts would multiply
to your hurt. The Lord your God will deliver them up to you, throwing them into utter panic until they are wiped out. He
will deliver their kings into your hand, and you shall obliterate their name from under the heavens...(Deuteronomy 7:1-
2, 5, 16, 22-24, Tanakh).
When Joshua and the Israelites crossed the Jordan River just north of the Dead Sea, they camped a while at Gilgal,
then moved to take Jericho and Ai. Afterward, they returned to Gilgal (Joshua 1-8). After making peace with Gibeon,
Joshua led the Israelites through the Valley of Aijalon and defeated the five Amorite kings (Joshua 9-10). From
Makkedah, Joshua launched a SOUTHERN campaign against Lachish, Hebron, Debir and Gaza.
Those of the inhabitants who were not put to the sword by the Israelites, FLED TO EGYPT and sought refuge there.
Samuel Purchas, in his book Relations of the World and the Religions Observed in All Ages, records this flight:
"Procopius...affirms, that all the seacoast, in those times, from Sidon to Egypt, was called Phoenicia: and that when
Joshua invaded them, they [those that weren't killed] LEFT THEIR COUNTRY, AND FLED INTO EGYPT..." (1613. Book
I, chapter XVIII, p. 85).
After a victorious campaign, Joshua and the Israelites returned to Gilgal for a period of time before launching any
more campaigns against the Canaanites. The Canaanites who had fled the country, however, pushed further into
Africa: "...there [in Egypt] multiplying, [the Canaanites] pierced further into Africa; where they POSSESSED ALL THAT
TRACT, UNTO THE PILLARS OF HERCULES, speaking half Phoenician"
Close to the Pillars of Hercules, on the African side, the vanquished Canaanite refugees built two cities: "They [the
Canaanites] BUILT THE CITY OF TINGE AND TANGER IN NUMIDIA, where were two pillars of white stone, placed
near to a great fountain, in which, in the Phoenician tongue, was engraven: WE ARE CANAANITES, WHOM JOSHUA
THE THIEF CHASED AWAY"
In The Complete Works of Josephus, translated by William Whiston, is a footnote on page 110 that corroborates
Puechas' record --
Moses Chorenensis sets down the FAMOUS INSCRIPTION AT TANGIER [TANGER] concerning the old CANAANITES
driven out of Palestine by Joshua thus: "We are those exiles that were governors of the Canaanites, but have been
driven away by Joshua the robber, AND ARE COME TO INHABIT HERE." -- Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1988.
In time, these inhabitants of Northern Africa became known as BERBERS and MOORS.
This wave of Canaanite refugees from Joshua's southern thrust expanded rapidly and made their way into the Iberian
Peninsula and France -- settling thickly in the Aude, Herault and the lower Rhone. Here, with their "tastefully
decorated" pottery, they survived into Roman times, especially the Tolosati, who lent their name to the city of Tolosa
(French: Toulouse); and the Tolossae, who lived in what is now Provence. "That the tribes of this region were not
Celtic [Israelite] (as is often supposed) is revealed by the fact that the Celtic Gauls -- who always called themselves
the Com-broges, or 'fellow-countrymen' (whence Cymru, "Welsh") -- referred to one of the local tribes as Allo-broges,
or 'other-countrymen,' i.e. 'non-Celts'" (The Berber Project, p. 7).
CONTINUED
The Old Copper Culture Berbers to their invasion of the Danittes
Life of the Mound Builders
Mound Builders Home Continued
Poverty Point was a WORLD TRADING CITY, through which the copper wealth of the Mississippi
River and the Great Lakes was funnelled. Copper from Lake Superior, notes Ronald Mason,
made it all the way to the Gulf Coast and eventually to the Old World; and north-south trade with
the "Red Ochre Culture" is proved by the Wisconsin Archaeologist. Observes R. Ben Madison --
Utilizing Megalithic ideas, Poverty Point's mounds were aligned so as to predict the vernal and
autunmal equinoxes. At its peak, between 1000 and 700, Poverty Point had a population of over
5,000 people. Its direct territorial control took in the Mississippi Valley in Mississippi, Louisiana
and southern Arkansas. There were also noted two distinct districts in the city.
The Phoenician ships with their Israelite traders/buyers used this port on the Mississippi for
buying the ore that was transported down the river from Lake Superior and the Isle Royale. The
fact that Poverty Point was divided into two districts points to a Canaanite-Phoenician/Berber
quarter and a quarter for the Israelites who traveled on the Phoenician ships. Evidently, a large
quantity of the copper ore stockpiled by David for use in the Temple passed through Poverty
Point. Later, David's son Solomon continued importing the ore from Lake Superior for his
grandiose building projects -- until it was finally exhausted.
The Invasion of the Dannites
The Old Copper Berbers mined copper and their population multiplied for almost 1000 years
before a major revolution took place. Back in Europe the Berbers of Iberia and Western Europe
were eventually reduced to little more than a collection of placenames after a massive invasion
of Celts erupted from the east. These Danites were migrating Israelite tribes from the Black Sea
area, spawned a culture known to the archaeologists as the Hallstat-La Tene Culture. Emerging
in central Europe and exploding to the west some fifty years later, the Danites pushed the
Canaanite Berbers to the far north regions of Norway, Finland and Russia. A few pockets
remained in the Basque areas of Europe and in Pictland in northern Britain.
The Canaanite-Berber cultures of Western Europe were savagely disrupted by the invading
Israelites (Dan). Refugees -- first a trickle, then a flood -- began to flee from the ceaseless
predations of this migrating people from the East. Thousands boarded their boats and set sail
for the New World; and a massive surge of Berber immigration to North America from North
Africa and the Iberian Peninsula was underway -- as proven by a myriad of cultural innovations
from the Beaker Group culture which burst upon the North American scene. Professor Barry Fell
dates a MAJOR WAVE of "Iberian" (i.e. Canaanite-Berber) colonists to the New World to this
period (America B.C., frontpiece).
Explains R. Ben Madison --
At this point in the archaeological record, Berber cultural traits appear suddenly and
mysteriously all across the eastern United States and in the Caribbean. North African bent-stick
and split-stick hafting techniques for grooved stone axes, for example, spread throughout the
region. Agriculture, pottery, earthen mounds, and "new artifacts" arrived suddenly (Mason, 202).
In Central America, pottery dating from this period is virtually identical to that being produced by
North African Berbers (Kennedy 1971, 270f). All over the northeastern part of North America the
dominant "Vinette 2" style of pottery shows clear Iberian Beaker influence (Kehoe, 290f). At the
same time, The Old Copper Berbers in southeastern Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois and Indiana
began to employ the use of RED OCHRE in their burial rites in large quantities. Archaeologists
often refer to this stage of Berber development as a "Red Ochre Culture" (Mason 224). But it
is important to note that the Old Copper and Red Ochre "cultures" were in truth a single
entity (WA 67: 229; Griffin, 239; Map 3). This use of red ochre in burial rites is, needless to
say, a well-known feature of Berber culture (Camps 1974, 173ff). -- The Berber Project, pp.
13-14.
According to the Greek historian Herodotus (484?B.C. - 425B.C.), Berbers wore what we call
"Mohawk" haircuts -- like many North American Indian tribes. Herodotus also mentions that the
Berbers engaged in the same kind of "vision quest" commonly found in North American cultures
(Herotodus: The History, 4: 172ff). "To this day," adds Madison, "Berbers have the same kind of
animal legends as North American Indian mythology (Hart, 164f). Berbers had arrowheads,
atlatls (spear throwing devices), WORE FEATHERS IN THEIR HAIR, and wore fringed leather
clothing, exactly like the Native American peoples of North America (Kennedy 1971, 272f)." (P.
14).
Following this Great Migration around 500 B.C., we are left with three large and substantial
Canaanite/Berber groups in the New World. The first -- which had settled around Lake Superior
and Wisconsin in approximately 1430 B.C. -- was named the "Old Copper Culture" by the
archaeologists. Its continuation, the "Red Ochre Culture," spread through Wisconsin, Michigan,
Illinois and Indiana. The second group settled in and around Poverty Point, Louisiana circa 1000
B.C. Finally the third group, which was the third great wave of Berber immigration, arrived shortly
after 500 B.C. and was instrumental in the emergence of the Adena Culture
All these groups, explains R. Ben Madison, maintained some contact with their parent
civilization, the Beaker groups, back in Europe and North Africa. But when the Danites exploded
into Spain and pushed the Canaanite-Berbers out, this disrupted what was left of the Beaker
trade with the New World and, at roughly the same time, "for reasons not yet understood," the
Isle Royale copper mines were abandoned and there occurred a substantial decline (in the New
World) in the use of copper to manufacture everyday tools and utensils. Jim Bailey writes that
around Lake Superior, which was a focus of Canaanite/Berber colonization in those days,
modern Ojibwe Indian legends say that their ancestors drove out a race of white miners (Sailing
to Paradise. N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1994. P. 30ff). At the same time that the Danites/Celts
drove the Berber Beaker culture (also, Picts) out of western Europe, the Poverty Point culture (the
Berber Beaker trading outpost in the New World) also collapsed. The reason the Poverty Point
culture collapsed is not sure, but it seems its inhabitants dispersed to the West.
However, one Berber culture in North America survived -- the "Red Ochre" culture in Wisconsin.
From this culture (along with the new influx of Berbers from Spain) a new civilization was
beginning to emerge -- the ADENA CULTURE.
CONTINUED - THE MOUND BUILDERS
Life of the Mound Builders
Mound Builders Home Continued
Poverty Point was a WORLD TRADING CITY, through which the copper wealth of the Mississippi
River and the Great Lakes was funnelled. Copper from Lake Superior, notes Ronald Mason,
made it all the way to the Gulf Coast and eventually to the Old World; and north-south trade with
the "Red Ochre Culture" is proved by the Wisconsin Archaeologist. Observes R. Ben Madison --
Utilizing Megalithic ideas, Poverty Point's mounds were aligned so as to predict the vernal and
autunmal equinoxes. At its peak, between 1000 and 700, Poverty Point had a population of over
5,000 people. Its direct territorial control took in the Mississippi Valley in Mississippi, Louisiana
and southern Arkansas. There were also noted two distinct districts in the city.
The Phoenician ships with their Israelite traders/buyers used this port on the Mississippi for
buying the ore that was transported down the river from Lake Superior and the Isle Royale. The
fact that Poverty Point was divided into two districts points to a Canaanite-Phoenician/Berber
quarter and a quarter for the Israelites who traveled on the Phoenician ships. Evidently, a large
quantity of the copper ore stockpiled by David for use in the Temple passed through Poverty
Point. Later, David's son Solomon continued importing the ore from Lake Superior for his
grandiose building projects -- until it was finally exhausted.
The Invasion of the Dannites
The Old Copper Berbers mined copper and their population multiplied for almost 1000 years
before a major revolution took place. Back in Europe the Berbers of Iberia and Western Europe
were eventually reduced to little more than a collection of placenames after a massive invasion
of Celts erupted from the east. These Danites were migrating Israelite tribes from the Black Sea
area, spawned a culture known to the archaeologists as the Hallstat-La Tene Culture. Emerging
in central Europe and exploding to the west some fifty years later, the Danites pushed the
Canaanite Berbers to the far north regions of Norway, Finland and Russia. A few pockets
remained in the Basque areas of Europe and in Pictland in northern Britain.
The Canaanite-Berber cultures of Western Europe were savagely disrupted by the invading
Israelites (Dan). Refugees -- first a trickle, then a flood -- began to flee from the ceaseless
predations of this migrating people from the East. Thousands boarded their boats and set sail
for the New World; and a massive surge of Berber immigration to North America from North
Africa and the Iberian Peninsula was underway -- as proven by a myriad of cultural innovations
from the Beaker Group culture which burst upon the North American scene. Professor Barry Fell
dates a MAJOR WAVE of "Iberian" (i.e. Canaanite-Berber) colonists to the New World to this
period (America B.C., frontpiece).
Explains R. Ben Madison --
At this point in the archaeological record, Berber cultural traits appear suddenly and
mysteriously all across the eastern United States and in the Caribbean. North African bent-stick
and split-stick hafting techniques for grooved stone axes, for example, spread throughout the
region. Agriculture, pottery, earthen mounds, and "new artifacts" arrived suddenly (Mason, 202).
In Central America, pottery dating from this period is virtually identical to that being produced by
North African Berbers (Kennedy 1971, 270f). All over the northeastern part of North America the
dominant "Vinette 2" style of pottery shows clear Iberian Beaker influence (Kehoe, 290f). At the
same time, The Old Copper Berbers in southeastern Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois and Indiana
began to employ the use of RED OCHRE in their burial rites in large quantities. Archaeologists
often refer to this stage of Berber development as a "Red Ochre Culture" (Mason 224). But it
is important to note that the Old Copper and Red Ochre "cultures" were in truth a single
entity (WA 67: 229; Griffin, 239; Map 3). This use of red ochre in burial rites is, needless to
say, a well-known feature of Berber culture (Camps 1974, 173ff). -- The Berber Project, pp.
13-14.
According to the Greek historian Herodotus (484?B.C. - 425B.C.), Berbers wore what we call
"Mohawk" haircuts -- like many North American Indian tribes. Herodotus also mentions that the
Berbers engaged in the same kind of "vision quest" commonly found in North American cultures
(Herotodus: The History, 4: 172ff). "To this day," adds Madison, "Berbers have the same kind of
animal legends as North American Indian mythology (Hart, 164f). Berbers had arrowheads,
atlatls (spear throwing devices), WORE FEATHERS IN THEIR HAIR, and wore fringed leather
clothing, exactly like the Native American peoples of North America (Kennedy 1971, 272f)." (P.
14).
Following this Great Migration around 500 B.C., we are left with three large and substantial
Canaanite/Berber groups in the New World. The first -- which had settled around Lake Superior
and Wisconsin in approximately 1430 B.C. -- was named the "Old Copper Culture" by the
archaeologists. Its continuation, the "Red Ochre Culture," spread through Wisconsin, Michigan,
Illinois and Indiana. The second group settled in and around Poverty Point, Louisiana circa 1000
B.C. Finally the third group, which was the third great wave of Berber immigration, arrived shortly
after 500 B.C. and was instrumental in the emergence of the Adena Culture
All these groups, explains R. Ben Madison, maintained some contact with their parent
civilization, the Beaker groups, back in Europe and North Africa. But when the Danites exploded
into Spain and pushed the Canaanite-Berbers out, this disrupted what was left of the Beaker
trade with the New World and, at roughly the same time, "for reasons not yet understood," the
Isle Royale copper mines were abandoned and there occurred a substantial decline (in the New
World) in the use of copper to manufacture everyday tools and utensils. Jim Bailey writes that
around Lake Superior, which was a focus of Canaanite/Berber colonization in those days,
modern Ojibwe Indian legends say that their ancestors drove out a race of white miners (Sailing
to Paradise. N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1994. P. 30ff). At the same time that the Danites/Celts
drove the Berber Beaker culture (also, Picts) out of western Europe, the Poverty Point culture (the
Berber Beaker trading outpost in the New World) also collapsed. The reason the Poverty Point
culture collapsed is not sure, but it seems its inhabitants dispersed to the West.
However, one Berber culture in North America survived -- the "Red Ochre" culture in Wisconsin.
From this culture (along with the new influx of Berbers from Spain) a new civilization was
beginning to emerge -- the ADENA CULTURE.
CONTINUED - THE MOUND BUILDERS
| After reading the following pages on this Amazing Race of Mound Builders- your life and perception of the past will never be the same! Mary Sutherland CLICK HERE |
| In Search of Ancient Copper Culture and Mound Builders with Brad and Mary Sutherland Here are some more informative Sites that we have created in our search for lost and hidden information of our ancient past. Rock Lake Rock Lake 2 Rock Lake 4 Canary Island Rock Lake 5 Rock Lake Native American Lore Rock Lake Pyramids Skulls and Mysteries Lake Monsters of Rock Lake Aztalan Franks Hill Burlington Michigan Kentucky Cannabalism Toltec |
| Butte Des Morts -Hill of the Dead Neenah Wisconsin "Oh, Wisconsin. Beneath your feet is an ocean of bones...." "They (railroad crews) knocked the top off of the small hill called Butte Des Morts. It was full of skeletons. Tracks were laid across the cut and The combined bones and rock became the track bed." - a diary description of the 19th century decapitation of a section of "the hill of the dead"(Butte Des Morts) on the shore of Little Lake Butte Des Morts in Neenah. The hill is reputed to hold the piled up corpses of Fox Indians killed during a battle against the French and their Indian Allies in the Fox/French Wars. More likely, the hill had been part of a long standing burial ground and contained the bones of the ancient mound builders. Mounds are everywhere, their remains may be beneath your feet right as you read this. In the mid to late 19th century countless mounds were plowed over by farmers. Road crews crushed bones into aggregate for road and railroad beds. It's safe to say that all of Wisconsin's primary roads contain shattered bits of the bones of the ancient dead. |
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| Brad and Mary Sutherland On the Road Documenting the Mound Builders Opportunities to discover more about these mounds and their builders disappear daily as erosion, farming, urban development, and looting continue to degrade these sites. Untold numbers of the old monuments have already been lost and secrets of our nation's past have vanished with them. The mounds that remain stand as a testament to the vitality, diversity, and creativity of their makers, who developed the complex societies of ancient past. Please leave a donation to help with our expenses on the road in an effort to save lost and hidden informationn about our past. |
Mary Sutherland is a renowned
author and researcher into lost
civilizations. She identified and
documented the Burlington
Vortex: an area of mysterious
paranormal energy and activity
in her native state. She was
commissioned Kentucky
Colonel by the governor of
Kentucky for her work on ancient
sites of Kentucky. Mary is the
author of The Red Haired
Giants, Revelations: Truths
Revealed, Giants Gods, and
Lost Races, Lost in Time: In
Search of Ancient Man,
Mysteries of Burlington and
Southeastern Wisconsin,
Haunted Burlington, Wisconsin
and Living in the Light: Believe
in the Magic. She is the
executive editor and founder of
Legends Magazine and, with her
husband, Brad, conducts tours
of the Burlington Vortex and
Burlington Forest.
author and researcher into lost
civilizations. She identified and
documented the Burlington
Vortex: an area of mysterious
paranormal energy and activity
in her native state. She was
commissioned Kentucky
Colonel by the governor of
Kentucky for her work on ancient
sites of Kentucky. Mary is the
author of The Red Haired
Giants, Revelations: Truths
Revealed, Giants Gods, and
Lost Races, Lost in Time: In
Search of Ancient Man,
Mysteries of Burlington and
Southeastern Wisconsin,
Haunted Burlington, Wisconsin
and Living in the Light: Believe
in the Magic. She is the
executive editor and founder of
Legends Magazine and, with her
husband, Brad, conducts tours
of the Burlington Vortex and
Burlington Forest.
